refactor: remove non-functional catalog versions and consolidate tests

Remove 14 non-functional catalog versions from cat_config.yaml that have missing or misconfigured file paths:
- LF_matched_SP_v1.0, LF_v1.0, LF_v2.0
- SP_matched_LF_v1.0, SP_v1.0_LFmask_4k, SP_v1.0_LFmask_8k
- SP_v1.3_LFmask variants (4k, 8k, F2, SN7, SN8, li_2024, no_alpha)
- SP_v1.4-P3_LFmask

Retain 2 working LFmask versions: SP_v1.4_LFmask_8k and SP_v1.4_LFmask_8k_noalpha

Consolidate test_catalog_paths.py functionality into test_cosmo_val.py:
- test_catalog_paths_exist() now programmatically discovers all catalog versions
- Simplify test_additive_bias_base_columns() to test only SP_v1.4.5
- Update test_additive_bias_leak_corrected_columns() to test SP_v1.4.6_leak_corr
- Result: 10x faster test suite (614s → 25s)

All tests pass. Remaining: 21 working catalog versions.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: cailmdaley