🛡️ Hack23 Homepage — Security Architecture

Static Website Security Architecture: AWS S3 + CloudFront
Public Transparency Platform for Cybersecurity Consulting

📋 Document Owner: CEO | 📄 Version: 1.1 | 📅 Last Updated: 2026-04-21 (UTC)
🔄 Review Cycle: Quarterly | ⏰ Next Review: 2026-07-21
🏷️ Classification:

📑 Table of Contents

🏗️ Architecture Overview
🎨 C4 Architecture Diagram
🔐 Authentication & Authorization
📜 Data Integrity & Auditing
🌐 Network Security & Perimeter Protection
🔍 Security Monitoring & Vulnerability Management
🔒 Application Security
⚡ High Availability & Resilience
☁️ AWS Security Infrastructure
🔄 CI/CD Security
- Release Workflow & SLSA Build Level 3
📋 Compliance Framework
🛡️ Defense-in-Depth Strategy
📊 Security Metrics & Evidence

🏗️ Architecture Overview

System Purpose

The Hack23 AB corporate homepage serves as a public-facing transparency platform demonstrating cybersecurity consulting expertise through comprehensive ISMS documentation and showcasing open-source security projects. This static website embodies our commitment to security through transparency.

Technology Stack

Component	Technology	Purpose
Frontend	Static HTML5/CSS3	Minimal attack surface, no server-side code
Styling	Single CSS file (`styles.css`)	Consistent design, easy security review
JavaScript	Minimal/None	Reduced XSS attack surface
Hosting	AWS S3 (Private Bucket)	Static content storage with versioning
CDN	AWS CloudFront	Global content delivery, DDoS protection
CI/CD	GitHub Actions	Automated deployment with security scanning
External Resources	Google Fonts CDN	Performance optimization; SRI (planned)

System Classification

Per Hack23 ISMS Classification Framework:

🎯 Project Classification:

Type:
Process:

🔒 Security Classification:

Dimension	Level	Rationale
🔐 Confidentiality		Public corporate website, no sensitive data
🔒 Integrity		Reputation-critical but tolerates brief defacement
⚡ Availability		Marketing site, 99% SLA target acceptable

⏱️ Business Continuity:

RTO:
RPO:

Detailed Recovery Objectives:

RPO (Recovery Point Objective): Extended - Daily backups via Git version control acceptable
RTO (Recovery Time Objective): Standard - Scheduled recovery within 72 hours acceptable

🎨 C4 Architecture Diagram

%%{init: {"theme": "base", "themeVariables": {"primaryColor": "#2196F3", "primaryTextColor": "#ffffff", "lineColor": "#455A64", "secondaryColor": "#4CAF50", "tertiaryColor": "#FF9800", "primaryBorderColor": "#1565C0"}}}%%
C4Context
  title Hack23 Homepage Security Architecture - System Context
  
  Person(visitor, "Website Visitor", "Public user accessing corporate information")
  Person(admin, "Administrator", "GitHub user with repo access")
  
  System_Boundary(homepage, "Hack23 Homepage System") {
    System(cloudfront, "CloudFront CDN", "Global content delivery<br/>TLS 1.3, DDoS protection")
    System(s3, "S3 Static Hosting", "Private bucket with versioning<br/>Origin Access Control")
    System(github, "GitHub Actions CI/CD", "Automated deployment<br/>Security scanning (ZAP, Lighthouse)")
  }
  
  System_Ext(fonts, "Google Fonts CDN", "External font resources<br/>SRI (planned)")
  System_Ext(shields, "Shields.io", "Security badges")
  System_Ext(aws_services, "AWS Security Services", "CloudTrail, IAM, Security Hub, GuardDuty")
  
  Rel(visitor, cloudfront, "HTTPS requests", "TLS 1.3")
  Rel(cloudfront, s3, "Origin fetch", "Private access only")
  Rel(visitor, fonts, "Font requests", "HTTPS (SRI planned)")
  Rel(admin, github, "Git push", "Triggers deployment")
  Rel(github, s3, "Deploy content", "OIDC authentication")
  Rel(github, aws_services, "Audit logs", "CloudTrail")
  
  UpdateRelStyle(visitor, cloudfront, $lineColor="green")
  UpdateRelStyle(cloudfront, s3, $lineColor="blue")
  UpdateRelStyle(github, s3, $lineColor="orange")

%%{init: {"theme": "base", "themeVariables": {"primaryColor": "#2196F3", "primaryTextColor": "#ffffff", "lineColor": "#455A64", "secondaryColor": "#4CAF50", "tertiaryColor": "#FF9800", "primaryBorderColor": "#1565C0"}}}%%
C4Container
  title Hack23 Homepage Security Architecture - Container Diagram
  
  Person(visitor, "Website Visitor", "Public internet user")
  
  Container_Boundary(cdn, "Content Delivery Network") {
    Container(edge, "CloudFront Edge Locations", "AWS CloudFront", "Caches content globally<br/>TLS termination")
    Container(waf, "AWS WAF", "AWS WAF", "Rate limiting<br/>OWASP rule sets<br/>Account-level protection")
  }
  
  Container_Boundary(origin, "Origin Infrastructure") {
    Container(s3_bucket, "S3 Bucket", "Amazon S3", "Static HTML/CSS/assets<br/>Versioning enabled<br/>Private access only")
    Container(s3_logs, "S3 Access Logs", "Amazon S3", "CloudFront access logs")
  }
  
  Container_Boundary(cicd, "CI/CD Pipeline") {
    Container(actions, "GitHub Actions", "GitHub", "Build & deploy workflow<br/>Harden Runner security")
    Container(zap, "OWASP ZAP Scanner", "Docker", "Full scan on deployed site")
    Container(lighthouse, "Lighthouse Auditor", "Treosh CI", "Performance & security audits")
    Container(dependabot, "Dependabot", "GitHub", "Dependency scanning")
  }
  
  Container_Boundary(security, "Security & Monitoring") {
    Container(cloudtrail, "CloudTrail", "AWS", "Immutable audit logs")
    Container(iam, "IAM Roles", "AWS", "OIDC-based access<br/>Least privilege")
    Container(guardduty, "GuardDuty", "AWS", "Threat detection<br/>Account-level")
    Container(securityhub, "Security Hub", "AWS", "Centralized findings<br/>Account-level")
  }
  
  Rel(visitor, edge, "HTTPS/TLS 1.3", "GET requests")
  Rel(edge, waf, "Request filtering", "Security rules")
  Rel(edge, s3_bucket, "Cache miss", "OAC authenticated")
  Rel(edge, s3_logs, "Log access", "S3 server logs")
  
  Rel(actions, s3_bucket, "Deploy files", "OIDC role assumption")
  Rel(actions, zap, "Trigger scan", "Post-deployment")
  Rel(actions, lighthouse, "Audit performance", "Budget validation")
  
  Rel(s3_bucket, cloudtrail, "API calls", "Logged")
  Rel(actions, cloudtrail, "Deployment activity", "Logged")
  Rel(iam, actions, "Grants access", "Temporary credentials")
  
  UpdateRelStyle(visitor, edge, $lineColor="green")
  UpdateRelStyle(actions, s3_bucket, $lineColor="orange")

🔐 Authentication & Authorization

Public Access Model

As a public static website, the Hack23 homepage intentionally has no authentication layer for visitors. This design choice aligns with the system's purpose as a transparency platform.

Access Control Strategy:

Actor	Access Method	Controls
Public Visitors	CloudFront CDN (HTTPS)	No authentication required
GitHub Contributors	GitHub repository access	Branch protection, required reviews
CI/CD Pipeline	AWS OIDC federation	Short-lived credentials, least privilege IAM
AWS Console Access	AWS IAM Users/Roles	MFA required, root account secured

Repository Access Controls

GitHub Security:

✅ Branch protection on master branch
✅ Required status checks (ZAP scan, Lighthouse audit)
✅ Code review requirements per Secure Development Policy
✅ GitHub Advanced Security features enabled
✅ Dependabot alerts and security updates
✅ Secret scanning enabled

ISMS Policy Mapping:

Access Control Policy - Repository access controls
Secure Development Policy - Code review requirements

📜 Data Integrity & Auditing

Version Control & Change Tracking

Git-Based Audit Trail:

✅ All changes tracked via Git commits with author attribution
✅ Commit signing recommended (GPG keys)
✅ Immutable commit history on master branch
✅ Pull request workflow with review evidence

S3 Versioning:

S3 Bucket: amazon-cloudfront-secure-static-site-s3bucketroot-14oliw5cmta06
- Versioning: ENABLED
- Lifecycle: Retention policy for deleted objects
- Access: Private (OAC only)

AWS CloudTrail Logging

Immutable Audit Logs:

✅ CloudTrail enabled for all S3 API calls
✅ S3 deployment actions logged (PutObject, DeleteObject)
✅ IAM role assumption events captured
✅ Log integrity validation enabled
✅ Multi-region trail for comprehensive coverage

Audit Log Retention:

S3 Access Logs: 90 days minimum
CloudTrail Logs: 1 year minimum, 7 years for compliance
GitHub Actions Logs: 90 days (GitHub retention)

ISMS Policy Mapping:

Monitoring & Logging Policy - Audit requirements
Change Management Policy - Deployment tracking

Implementation Evidence:

GitHub Actions Workflow: main.yml - Deployment automation

🌐 Network Security & Perimeter Protection

AWS CloudFront CDN

Global Content Delivery with Security:

Security Feature	Implementation	Benefit
TLS 1.3 Support	Enabled on CloudFront distribution	Modern encryption, forward secrecy
Security Headers	Configured via CloudFront response headers policy	CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options protection
Origin Access Control (OAC)	S3 bucket private, OAC policy	S3 bucket not publicly accessible
DDoS Protection	AWS Shield Standard (included)	Automatic layer 3/4 protection
WAF Protection	AWS WAF at account level	OWASP rule sets, rate limiting
Geo-Restrictions	None (global access)	Transparency platform for all regions
Custom Error Pages	User-friendly 404/403	Security through obscurity avoidance

Cache Control Strategy:

# HTML files: Short cache (1 hour) for dynamic updates
Cache-Control: public, max-age=3600, must-revalidate

# CSS/JS/Images: Long cache (1 year) for static assets
Cache-Control: public, max-age=31536000, immutable

# Fonts: Long cache with CORS headers
Cache-Control: public, max-age=31536000, immutable
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: https://hack23.com

HTTP Security Headers

Implemented Security Headers (via CloudFront response headers policy):

Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; 
  script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; 
  style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://fonts.googleapis.com; 
  font-src 'self' https://fonts.gstatic.com; 
  img-src 'self' https: data:; 
  connect-src 'self'

Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: DENY
Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
Permissions-Policy: geolocation=(), microphone=(), camera=()

ISMS Policy Mapping:

Network Security Policy - CDN and TLS requirements
Cryptography Policy - TLS 1.3 standards

Implementation Evidence:

CloudFront response headers policy configured at account level
WAF rules applied via AWS WAF Web ACL
Security headers verified via security scanning tools

Subresource Integrity (SRI)

External Resource Verification:

<!-- Google Fonts with SRI (planned) -->
<link rel="stylesheet" 
      href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Orbitron:wght@400;500;600;700&family=Share+Tech+Mono&display=swap"
      integrity="sha384-HASH_VALUE_HERE"
      crossorigin="anonymous">

Benefits:

✅ Verify integrity of external CDN resources
✅ Protect against compromised third-party CDNs
✅ Detect unauthorized modifications to external assets

🔍 Security Monitoring & Vulnerability Management

Automated Security Scanning

GitHub Actions Security Pipeline:

# Security scanning workflow components:
1. Harden Runner (StepSecurity)
   - Network egress filtering
   - Process monitoring
   - Allowed endpoints whitelist

2. OWASP ZAP Full Scan
   - Docker: ghcr.io/zaproxy/zaproxy:stable
   - Target: https://hack23.com/
   - Post-deployment validation

3. Lighthouse CI Audits
   - Performance budgets
   - Accessibility checks
   - SEO validation
   - Best practices audit
   - Budget file: budget.json

4. Dependency Scanning
   - Dependabot: Daily scans
   - GitHub Advanced Security
   - Automatic PRs for updates

ISMS Policy Mapping:

Vulnerability Management Policy - Scanning requirements
Secure Development Policy - CI/CD security gates

Dependabot Configuration

Automated Dependency Updates:

✅ Daily scans for GitHub Actions dependencies
✅ Automatic PRs for security updates
✅ Grouping strategy for non-breaking updates
✅ Security advisory integration via GitHub Security Advisories

Vulnerability SLA:

Severity	Detection	Remediation Target	Escalation
Critical	Real-time	24 hours	CEO notification
High	Daily	7 days	Weekly review
Medium	Weekly	30 days	Monthly review
Low	Weekly	90 days	Quarterly review

Security Scorecard

OpenSSF Best Practices:

Monitored Security Practices:

✅ Branch protection enabled
✅ Code review requirements
✅ Signed commits recommended
✅ Dependency update automation
✅ Vulnerability disclosure policy
✅ Security policy (SECURITY.md)
✅ Token permissions restricted
✅ Pinned dependencies (GitHub Actions)

Implementation Evidence:

🔒 Application Security

Static Content Security

Minimal Attack Surface:

Security Layer	Implementation	Threat Mitigation
No Server-Side Code	Pure HTML/CSS static files	No code injection, no RCE vulnerabilities
Minimal JavaScript	Inline JS only where needed	Reduced XSS attack surface
No User Input	Read-only public website	No injection attacks (SQLi, XSS, CSRF)
No Authentication	Public content by design	No auth bypass or session attacks
No Database	Static files only	No SQL injection or data breaches

Content Minification

Automated Asset Optimization:

# Minify Action in GitHub Workflow
- name: Minify Action
  uses: dra1ex/minify-action@3c54a82e092a78c827659385d1be715126f13410 # v1.0.3

# Benefits:
- Reduced file sizes (performance)
- Removed comments (information disclosure prevention)
- Obfuscation side-effect (minor security benefit)

File Integrity

Git-Based Integrity Verification:

✅ All source files version-controlled in Git
✅ SHA-256 commit hashing for tamper detection
✅ S3 versioning for deployed file history
✅ CloudTrail logs for modification tracking

Planned Enhancements:

Content hashing for cache-busting and integrity verification
CSP nonces for inline scripts
SRI for all external resources

ISMS Policy Mapping:

Secure Development Policy - Code integrity requirements

⚡ High Availability & Resilience

CloudFront Global Distribution

Multi-Region Content Delivery:

Feature	Implementation	Availability Benefit
Edge Locations	450+ global PoPs	Low-latency access worldwide
Origin Failover	Planned secondary origin	Automatic failover on origin errors
Health Checks	CloudFront automatic	Detection of origin failures
DDoS Protection	AWS Shield Standard	Always-on protection against attacks
Rate Limiting	AWS WAF at account level	Protection against abuse

S3 Durability & Availability

AWS S3 Standard Storage Class:

✅ 99.999999999% (11 9's) durability annually
✅ 99.99% availability SLA
✅ Cross-AZ replication automatic
✅ Versioning enabled for data protection
✅ Lifecycle policies for cost optimization

Backup Strategy:

Primary: Git repository (GitHub) - source of truth
Secondary: S3 versioning - deployed file history
Tertiary: CloudTrail logs - audit trail
Recovery: Automated re-deployment from Git

Disaster Recovery

Recovery Procedures:

%%{init: {"theme": "base", "themeVariables": {"primaryColor": "#2196F3", "primaryTextColor": "#1a1a2e", "lineColor": "#455A64", "secondaryColor": "#e8f5e9", "tertiaryColor": "#fff8e1", "primaryBorderColor": "#1565C0"}}}%%
flowchart LR
    A[Disaster Event] --> B{Scope Assessment}
    B --> |S3 Corruption| C[Deploy from Git]
    B --> |CloudFront Issue| D[Origin Failover]
    B --> |GitHub Unavailable| E[Manual S3 Upload]
    
    C --> F[GitHub Actions Re-run]
    D --> G[AWS Console Failover]
    E --> H[AWS CLI Deployment]
    
    F --> I[Validation: ZAP + Lighthouse]
    G --> I
    H --> I
    
    I --> J[Service Restored]

    classDef default fill:#e3f2fd,stroke:#1565C0,stroke-width:2px,color:#1a1a2e
    classDef primary fill:#2196F3,stroke:#1565C0,stroke-width:2px,color:#ffffff
    classDef success fill:#4CAF50,stroke:#2E7D32,stroke-width:2px,color:#ffffff
    classDef warning fill:#FF9800,stroke:#F57C00,stroke-width:2px,color:#ffffff
    classDef danger fill:#D32F2F,stroke:#B71C1C,stroke-width:2px,color:#ffffff
    classDef info fill:#455A64,stroke:#263238,stroke-width:2px,color:#ffffff
    class C success
    class D danger
    class G danger
    class H success

RTO/RPO Alignment:

RPO (Recovery Point Objective): Daily Git commits
RTO (Recovery Time Objective): <72 hours (acceptable for static marketing site)
Data Loss Tolerance: Maximum 24 hours of content updates

ISMS Policy Mapping:

Business Continuity Plan - DR procedures
Backup & Recovery Policy - Backup requirements

☁️ AWS Security Infrastructure

IAM Security

OIDC Federation for GitHub Actions:

# No long-lived credentials stored in GitHub Secrets
Role ARN: arn:aws:iam::172017021075:role/GithubWorkFlowRole
Authentication: OIDC token-based (AWS STS)
Session Duration: 1 hour (short-lived)
Permissions: Least privilege (S3 + CloudFront only)

IAM Policy Highlights:

{
  "Effect": "Allow",
  "Action": [
    "s3:PutObject",
    "s3:GetObject",
    "s3:ListBucket",
    "s3:PutObjectAcl"
  ],
  "Resource": [
    "arn:aws:s3:::amazon-cloudfront-secure-static-site-s3bucketroot-14oliw5cmta06/*"
  ]
}

Security Benefits:

✅ No static AWS access keys in GitHub
✅ Automatic credential rotation (hourly)
✅ Scope-limited permissions
✅ CloudTrail logging of all actions

S3 Bucket Security

Private Bucket with OAC:

Control	Implementation	Security Benefit
Public Access Block	All settings enabled	Prevent accidental public exposure
Origin Access Control	CloudFront-only access	S3 bucket not directly accessible
Versioning	Enabled	Rollback capability, audit trail
Encryption at Rest	S3-managed keys (SSE-S3)	Data protection at rest
Access Logging	Enabled to separate bucket	Audit trail of all access
MFA Delete	Planned	Prevent accidental data loss

Bucket Policy Example:

{
  "Version": "2012-10-17",
  "Statement": [
    {
      "Sid": "AllowCloudFrontServicePrincipalReadOnly",
      "Effect": "Allow",
      "Principal": {
        "Service": "cloudfront.amazonaws.com"
      },
      "Action": "s3:GetObject",
      "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::bucket-name/*",
      "Condition": {
        "StringEquals": {
          "AWS:SourceArn": "arn:aws:cloudfront::account-id:distribution/dist-id"
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

CloudTrail Audit Logging

Comprehensive API Logging:

✅ All AWS API calls logged
✅ S3 data events captured
✅ Log file integrity validation
✅ Multi-region trail enabled
✅ Immutable log storage (S3 Object Lock planned)

AWS Account-Level Security Services

Implemented Security Services:

Service	Purpose	Implementation	Benefit
AWS GuardDuty	Threat detection	Enabled at account level	Intelligent threat detection across all resources
AWS Security Hub	Centralized security findings	Enabled at account level	Aggregates findings from GuardDuty, Config, and other services
AWS Inspector	Vulnerability assessment	Enabled at account level	Automated security assessments for EC2 and container workloads
Amazon Detective	Security investigation	Enabled at account level	Analyze and investigate potential security issues

Benefits:

✅ Continuous security monitoring across all AWS resources
✅ Automated threat detection and alerting
✅ Centralized security posture management
✅ Compliance framework alignment (CIS AWS Foundations, PCI DSS)
✅ Integration with SIEM and incident response workflows

ISMS Policy Mapping:

Cloud Security Policy - AWS security controls
Access Control Policy - IAM requirements

🔄 CI/CD Security

GitHub Actions Hardening

StepSecurity Harden Runner:

- name: Harden Runner
  uses: step-security/harden-runner@95d9a5deda9de15063e7595e9719c11c38c90ae2 # v2.13.2
  with:
    egress-policy: block  # Deny-by-default networking
    allowed-endpoints: >  # Explicit allowlist (65+ endpoints)
      api.github.com:443
      sts.us-east-1.amazonaws.com:443
      # ... (full list in workflow)

Security Features:

✅ Network egress filtering - Blocks unauthorized outbound connections
✅ Process monitoring - Detects unexpected command execution
✅ SLSA compliance - Software supply chain security
✅ Runtime security - Real-time threat detection

Action Pinning

SHA-Pinned Dependencies:

# Good: SHA-pinned for supply chain security
- uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
- uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@00943011d9042930efac3dcd3a170e4273319bc8 # v5.1.0

# Prevents:
- Tag hijacking attacks
- Compromised action versions
- Supply chain substitution

Dependabot for Actions:

✅ Daily dependency updates
✅ Automatic PR creation
✅ Security advisory integration

Deployment Security

Secure Deployment Pipeline:

%%{init: {"theme": "base", "themeVariables": {"primaryColor": "#2196F3", "primaryTextColor": "#1a1a2e", "lineColor": "#455A64", "secondaryColor": "#e8f5e9", "tertiaryColor": "#fff8e1", "primaryBorderColor": "#1565C0"}}}%%
flowchart TB
    A[Git Push to master] --> B[Harden Runner activated]
    B --> C[Code Checkout]
    C --> D[AWS OIDC Authentication]
    D --> E[Minify HTML/CSS/JS]
    E --> F[Deploy to S3]
    F --> G[Set Cache Headers]
    G --> H[Invalidate CloudFront]
    H --> I[Lighthouse Audit]
    H --> J[OWASP ZAP Scan]
    I --> K{Tests Pass?}
    J --> K
    K -->|Yes| L[Deployment Success]
    K -->|No| M[Rollback / Alert]
    
    style B fill:#ff6b6b
    style D fill:#4ecdc4
    style I fill:#45b7d1
    style J fill:#f39c12
    style K fill:#95e1d3

Deployment Validation:

✅ Lighthouse performance budget validation
✅ OWASP ZAP security scan (post-deployment)
✅ Cache invalidation verification
✅ Automated rollback on failure (planned)

ISMS Policy Mapping:

Secure Development Policy - CI/CD security requirements
Change Management Policy - Deployment procedures

Implementation Evidence:

Release Workflow & SLSA Build Level 3

Supply Chain Security Implementation:

The release workflow implements SLSA Build Level 3 attestations for cryptographic verification of build integrity and provenance.

%%{init: {"theme": "base", "themeVariables": {"primaryColor": "#2196F3", "primaryTextColor": "#1a1a2e", "lineColor": "#455A64", "secondaryColor": "#e8f5e9", "tertiaryColor": "#fff8e1", "primaryBorderColor": "#1565C0"}}}%%
flowchart TB
    A[Tag Push v*] --> B[Prepare Job]
    B --> C[Generate Documentation]
    C --> D[HTML Validation]
    D --> E[Lighthouse Audits]
    E --> F[Accessibility Reports]
    F --> G[Commit to docs/]
    G --> H[Build Job]
    H --> I[Minify Assets]
    I --> J[Create ZIP]
    J --> K[Generate SBOM]
    K --> L[Build Provenance Attestation]
    L --> M[SBOM Attestation]
    M --> N[Release Job]
    N --> O[Create GitHub Release]
    O --> P[Attach Artifacts + Attestations]
    P --> Q[Deploy to gh-pages]
    
    style K fill:#764ba2
    style L fill:#667eea
    style M fill:#667eea
    style P fill:#4ecdc4

SLSA Build Level 3 Features:

Requirement	Implementation	Evidence
Build as Code	Workflow defined in version control	`.github/workflows/release.yml`
Provenance Available	Cryptographic attestation generated	`homepage-vX.Y.Z.zip.intoto.jsonl`
Provenance Authenticated	GitHub OIDC signing (non-falsifiable)	`actions/attest-build-provenance@v3.2.0`
Isolated	Ephemeral GitHub-hosted runners	Workflow runs on `ubuntu-latest`
Parameterless	Reproducible tag-triggered builds, no external input for tagged releases	Tag push: version from tags; `workflow_dispatch`: manual version/prerelease inputs
Hermetic	No network access during build (planned L4)	Currently allows network for npm

SBOM Generation:

# Implemented in release.yml
- name: Generate SBOM
  uses: anchore/sbom-action@v0.22.2
  with:
    format: spdx-json
    output-file: homepage-${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}.spdx.json
    
- name: Generate SBOM attestation
  uses: actions/attest-sbom@v3.0.0
  with:
    subject-path: 'homepage-${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}.zip'
    sbom-path: 'homepage-${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}.spdx.json'

Documentation as Code:

All release documentation is automatically generated and committed to the docs/ directory:

docs/html-validation.txt - HTML standards compliance
docs/lighthouse-*.html - Performance/accessibility/SEO audits
docs/accessibility-report.html - WCAG 2.1 AA compliance
docs/security-report.html - Security posture summary
docs/RELEASE_SUMMARY.md - Release metadata
docs/VERSION.txt - Version tracking

Verification:

# Verify build provenance attestation
gh attestation verify homepage-v1.0.0.zip --owner Hack23

# View SBOM contents
cat homepage-v1.0.0.spdx.json | jq '.packages[] | {name, version, licenses}'

ISMS Policy Mapping:

Secure Development Policy - Supply chain security, SBOM requirements
Documentation Policy - Documentation as code principles
Change Management Policy - Release procedures

Implementation Evidence:

📋 Compliance Framework

ISO 27001:2022 Alignment

Information Security Controls Implementation:

Control	Implementation	Evidence
A.5.1 - Information Security Policy	Public ISMS repository	Information Security Policy
A.8.9 - Configuration Management	Infrastructure as Code, documented architecture	This document (SECURITY_ARCHITECTURE.md)
A.8.16 - Monitoring	CloudTrail, GitHub Actions, ZAP scanning	Monitoring & Logging Policy
A.8.23 - Web Filtering	Implemented CSP and WAF rules	Network Security Policy
A.8.28 - Secure Coding	Static site, no code execution	Secure Development Policy

GDPR Compliance

Data Protection Requirements:

Requirement	Implementation	Status
No Personal Data Processing	Static website, no forms, no cookies	✅ Compliant (N/A)
Transparency	Public ISMS, privacy policy	✅ Compliant
Data Minimization	No data collection	✅ Compliant (by design)
Security Controls	TLS 1.3, CDN, monitoring	✅ Compliant

ISMS Policy Mapping:

EU Cyber Resilience Act (CRA)

Digital Product Security Requirements:

CRA Requirement	Implementation	Compliance Status
Security by Design	Static HTML, minimal attack surface	✅ Compliant
Vulnerability Disclosure	SECURITY.md, coordinated disclosure	✅ Compliant
Security Updates	Dependabot, automated scanning	✅ Compliant
SBOM Generation	Not applicable - static content only	✅ Compliant (N/A)
Incident Response	Documented procedures	✅ Compliant

ISMS Policy Mapping:

EU CRA Compliance - CRA requirements

NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0

Framework Functions Mapping:

%%{init: {"theme": "base", "themeVariables": {"primaryColor": "#2196F3", "primaryTextColor": "#1a1a2e", "lineColor": "#455A64", "secondaryColor": "#e8f5e9", "tertiaryColor": "#fff8e1", "primaryBorderColor": "#1565C0"}}}%%
graph TB
    subgraph "NIST CSF 2.0 Coverage"
        A[GOVERN] --> A1[GV.OC-01: Strategy established]
        A1 --> A2[Public ISMS documentation]
        
        B[IDENTIFY] --> B1[ID.AM-02: Platforms documented]
        B1 --> B2[This security architecture]
        
        C[PROTECT] --> C1[PR.DS-06: Integrity checking]
        C1 --> C2[Git version control + S3 versioning]
        
        D[DETECT] --> D1[DE.CM-08: Scans performed]
        D1 --> D2[ZAP + Lighthouse + Dependabot]
        
        E[RESPOND] --> E1[RS.CO-03: Info shared internally]
        E1 --> E2[GitHub issues + ISMS transparency]
        
        F[RECOVER] --> F1[RC.RP-05: Resilience improved]
        F1 --> F2[CloudFront CDN + S3 versioning]
    end
    
    style A fill:#3498db
    style B fill:#2ecc71
    style C fill:#f39c12
    style D fill:#e74c3c
    style E fill:#9b59b6
    style F fill:#1abc9c

CIS Controls v8.1

Critical Security Controls Implementation:

Control	Implementation	Status
2.1 - Software Inventory	GitHub repository, dependency tracking	✅ Implemented
3.3 - Secure Data Disposal	S3 versioning, lifecycle policies	✅ Implemented
4.1 - Secure Configuration	Infrastructure as Code, documented	✅ Implemented
8.2 - Audit Log Collection	CloudTrail, GitHub Actions logs	✅ Implemented
10.1 - Malware Defense	Dependabot, ZAP scanning	✅ Implemented
13.2 - Deploy DMARC	Email security (planned)	⚠️ Future enhancement

ISMS Policy Mapping:

Compliance Checklist - Framework mappings

🛡️ Defense-in-Depth Strategy

Six Security Layers

%%{init: {"theme": "base", "themeVariables": {"primaryColor": "#2196F3", "primaryTextColor": "#1a1a2e", "lineColor": "#455A64", "secondaryColor": "#e8f5e9", "tertiaryColor": "#fff8e1", "primaryBorderColor": "#1565C0"}}}%%
graph TD
    subgraph "Layer 1: Perimeter"
        L1A[CloudFront CDN] --> L1B[AWS Shield DDoS]
        L1B --> L1C[AWS WAF - Account Level]
    end
    
    subgraph "Layer 2: Network"
        L2A[TLS 1.3 Encryption] --> L2B[Origin Access Control]
        L2B --> L2C[Private S3 Bucket]
    end
    
    subgraph "Layer 3: Application"
        L3A[Static HTML/CSS] --> L3B[No Server-Side Code]
        L3B --> L3C[Minimal JavaScript]
    end
    
    subgraph "Layer 4: Data"
        L4A[S3 Versioning] --> L4B[Git Version Control]
        L4B --> L4C[CloudTrail Logging]
    end
    
    subgraph "Layer 5: Access Control"
        L5A[GitHub Branch Protection] --> L5B[OIDC Authentication]
        L5B --> L5C[IAM Least Privilege]
    end
    
    subgraph "Layer 6: Monitoring"
        L6A[OWASP ZAP Scanning] --> L6B[Dependabot Alerts]
        L6B --> L6C[OpenSSF Scorecard]
    end
    
    L1C --> L2A
    L2C --> L3A
    L3C --> L4A
    L4C --> L5A
    L5C --> L6A
    
    style L1A fill:#e74c3c
    style L2A fill:#f39c12
    style L3A fill:#f1c40f
    style L4A fill:#2ecc71
    style L5A fill:#3498db
    style L6A fill:#9b59b6

Security Control Matrix

Threat Category	Prevention	Detection	Response	Recovery
DDoS Attack	AWS Shield, CloudFront, WAF	CloudWatch alarms	Auto-scaling, WAF rules	Origin failover
Content Tampering	S3 versioning, Git	CloudTrail, file integrity	Rollback deployment	Re-deploy from Git
Supply Chain Attack	SHA-pinned actions, SRI	Dependabot, OSSF Scorecard	Remove compromised dep	Update dependencies
CDN Compromise	SRI for external resources	Monitoring, alerts	Switch to self-hosted	Migrate to backup CDN
Account Takeover	MFA on AWS root, GitHub	CloudTrail anomaly detection	Revoke credentials	Rotate all secrets

Threat Model Reference:

THREAT_MODEL.md - Comprehensive STRIDE analysis

📊 Security Metrics & Evidence

Public Security Posture

Transparency Through Evidence:

Key Performance Indicators

Security KPIs:

Metric	Target	Current	Measurement
Availability (SLA)	99.0%	99.9%+	CloudFront uptime
Mean Time to Patch (MTTP)	<7 days (High)	Tracked via Dependabot	GitHub Security tab
Security Scan Pass Rate	100%	100%	ZAP + Lighthouse in CI
Dependency Freshness	<30 days	Tracked	Dependabot dashboard
CloudTrail Coverage	100%	100%	AWS Config rules
SLSA Build Level	Level 3	✅ Level 3 (Feb 2026)	release.yml attestations
SBOM Generation	100% releases	✅ 100%	SPDX format, Anchore Syft
Build Provenance	100% releases	✅ 100%	GitHub OIDC signed

Lighthouse Audits

Performance Budget Validation:

{
  "path": "/*",
  "timings": [
    {"metric": "interactive", "budget": 7500},
    {"metric": "first-contentful-paint", "budget": 5000}
  ],
  "resourceSizes": [
    {"resourceType": "script", "budget": 1000},
    {"resourceType": "total", "budget": 10000000}
  ]
}

Audit Results:

✅ Performance: 90+ score
✅ Accessibility: 100 score
✅ Best Practices: 95+ score
✅ SEO: 100 score

Implementation Evidence:

Lighthouse CI Configuration: budget.json
Lighthouse Reports - Artifacts in GitHub Actions

Security Testing Evidence

OWASP ZAP Scan Results:

✅ Full scan performed on every deployment
✅ Results published to GitHub Security tab
✅ Zero high/critical vulnerabilities tolerated
✅ Medium/low findings tracked and remediated

Links:

📚 Related Documents

🏛️ Hack23 ISMS Framework

Primary ISMS Documentation:

🔐 Information Security Policy - Overarching security governance framework
🏷️ Classification Framework - Business impact and data classification methodology
🌐 ISMS Transparency Plan - Public disclosure strategy
📝 Style Guide - ISMS documentation standards

Core Security Policies:

🔑 Access Control Policy - Zero-trust IAM and authentication
🌐 Network Security Policy - Cloud-native network protection
🔒 Cryptography Policy - Enterprise encryption standards (TLS 1.3, AES-256)
🛠️ Secure Development Policy - Security-integrated SDLC
🔍 Vulnerability Management Policy - Security testing and remediation
🎯 Threat Modeling Policy - STRIDE and MITRE ATT&CK frameworks
🏷️ Data Classification Policy - Information handling requirements
📱 Mobile Device Management Policy - Endpoint protection
✅ Acceptable Use Policy - Professional usage standards

Business Continuity & Resilience:

🔄 Business Continuity Plan - Operational resilience framework
🆘 Disaster Recovery Plan - Technical system recovery
💾 Backup Recovery Policy - Data protection procedures

Operational Procedures:

🚨 Incident Response Plan - Security incident management
📝 Change Management - Risk-controlled change processes
🤝 Third Party Management - Supplier risk management
📊 Security Metrics - Performance measurement framework

Compliance & Governance:

✅ Compliance Checklist - ISO 27001, NIST CSF, CIS Controls mapping
📋 Risk Assessment Methodology - Risk identification and treatment
📉 Risk Register - Enterprise risk tracking

🏗️ Reference Architectures

Hack23 Security Implementation Examples:

🏛️ CIA Security Architecture - Java/Spring Framework enterprise architecture
🎮 Black Trigram Security Architecture - React/Firebase gaming platform
📊 CIA Compliance Manager Security Architecture - React/Supabase compliance platform

Threat Model References:

🏛️ CIA Threat Model - STRIDE analysis for web applications
🎮 Black Trigram Threat Model - Gaming security threats
📊 CIA Compliance Manager Threat Model - Client-side SPA security

📋 Repository Documentation

Security Documentation:

THREAT_MODEL.md - STRIDE/MITRE ATT&CK threat analysis for homepage
FUTURE_SECURITY_ARCHITECTURE.md - Security enhancement roadmap
SECURITY.md - Vulnerability disclosure policy
CLASSIFICATION.md - Homepage business impact classification

Architecture Documentation:

ARCHITECTURE.md - C4 architecture model
DATA_MODEL.md - Content model and data structures
FLOWCHART.md - Process flows and workflows
STATEDIAGRAM.md - Deployment and content lifecycle states
MINDMAP.md - System conceptual relationships
SWOT.md - Strategic analysis and positioning
WORKFLOWS.md - GitHub Actions CI/CD pipeline (10 workflows)
CRA-ASSESSMENT.md - EU Cyber Resilience Act conformity assessment

Continuity & Lifecycle Documentation:

BCPPlan.md - Business Continuity Plan (BIA, RTO/RPO, DR playbooks)
FinancialSecurityPlan.md - Infrastructure cost & security investment
End-of-Life-Strategy.md - Technology lifecycle management

General Documentation:

README.md - Project overview and security posture
ISMS_REFERENCE_GUIDE.md - Blog-to-policy mapping

CI/CD Workflows:

.github/workflows/main.yml - Deployment with security scanning (ZAP, Lighthouse)
.github/workflows/scorecards.yml - OpenSSF Scorecard supply chain security
.github/workflows/pullrequest.yml - PR validation and quality gates

📝 Conclusion

The Hack23 AB homepage demonstrates security through transparency by implementing comprehensive security controls appropriate for a static website while maintaining public visibility into our security practices. This architecture serves as a live demonstration of cybersecurity consulting expertise through:

✅ Defense-in-Depth: Six security layers protecting content integrity and availability
✅ Automated Security: Continuous scanning with ZAP, Lighthouse, and Dependabot
✅ Supply Chain Security: SHA-pinned actions, Harden Runner, OSSF Scorecard
✅ Cloud Security Best Practices: AWS IAM OIDC, CloudTrail logging, private S3 with OAC
✅ Compliance Alignment: ISO 27001, NIST CSF 2.0, CIS Controls, GDPR, EU CRA
✅ Public Evidence: OpenSSF Scorecard, GitHub Security tab, public ISMS documentation

This security architecture evolves continuously. Planned enhancements are documented in FUTURE_SECURITY_ARCHITECTURE.md.

📋 Document Control:
✅ Approved by: James Pether Sörling, CEO
📤 Distribution: Public
🏷️ Classification:
📅 Effective Date: 2025-11-17
⏰ Next Review: 2026-02-17
🎯 Framework Compliance:
🔗 Related Documents: Threat Model, Future Security Architecture, Classification, ISMS Transparency Plan

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🛡️ Hack23 Homepage — Security Architecture

📑 Table of Contents

🏗️ Architecture Overview

System Purpose

Technology Stack

System Classification

🎨 C4 Architecture Diagram

🔐 Authentication & Authorization

Public Access Model

Repository Access Controls

📜 Data Integrity & Auditing

Version Control & Change Tracking

AWS CloudTrail Logging

🌐 Network Security & Perimeter Protection

AWS CloudFront CDN

HTTP Security Headers

Subresource Integrity (SRI)

🔍 Security Monitoring & Vulnerability Management

Automated Security Scanning

Dependabot Configuration

Security Scorecard

🔒 Application Security

Static Content Security

Content Minification

File Integrity

⚡ High Availability & Resilience

CloudFront Global Distribution

S3 Durability & Availability

Disaster Recovery

☁️ AWS Security Infrastructure

IAM Security

S3 Bucket Security

CloudTrail Audit Logging

AWS Account-Level Security Services

🔄 CI/CD Security

GitHub Actions Hardening

Action Pinning

Deployment Security

Release Workflow & SLSA Build Level 3

📋 Compliance Framework

ISO 27001:2022 Alignment

GDPR Compliance

EU Cyber Resilience Act (CRA)

NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0

CIS Controls v8.1

🛡️ Defense-in-Depth Strategy

Six Security Layers

Security Control Matrix

📊 Security Metrics & Evidence

Public Security Posture

Key Performance Indicators

Lighthouse Audits

Security Testing Evidence

📚 Related Documents

🏛️ Hack23 ISMS Framework

🏗️ Reference Architectures

📋 Repository Documentation

📝 Conclusion