Whether <dialog> or [role="dialog], focus should become visible when it is programmatically moved from outside to inside the dialog. i.e. if a user clicks a button that opens a dialog, and now a button is focused-by-default within the dialog per Dialog, that button should show an indicator regardless of whether the dialog was launched by a mouse or keyboard. (Probably not for touch.)
This seems like a significant usability hole in the current heuristic, which I don't see discussed directly in other issues here.