[KYUUBI #6828] Clean up and improve error message for KyuubiBaseResultSet

### Why are the changes needed?

Backport apache/hive@2b0e424

The commit does not have a Hive ticket.

### How was this patch tested?

Pass GHA to ensure it breaks nothing, and verify locally that the reported error message does contain the data when failing to parse the illegal date.

![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/ba210160-c9cb-4539-8b28-0f445b6ce9a5)

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

Closes #6828 from pan3793/hive-jdbc-2b0e424.

Closes #6828

b6e03a6 [Cheng Pan] KyuubiSQLException
63861af [Cheng Pan] Backport Hive 2b0e424 - Clean up and improve error message for KyuubiBaseResultSet

Authored-by: Cheng Pan <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Cheng Pan <[email protected]>
(cherry picked from commit 68a6f48)
Signed-off-by: Cheng Pan <[email protected]>

Author: pan3793