refactor: Modernize type annotations across all modules

- Add `from __future__ import annotations` to all modules for deferred evaluation
- Replace Optional[T] with T | None for more idiomatic union syntax (PEP 604)
- Replace Dict[K, V] with dict[K, V] using built-in dict type (PEP 585)
- Replace List[T] with list[T] using built-in list type (PEP 585)
- Remove unnecessary typing imports (Dict, List, Optional) where no longer needed
- Maintain compatibility with Python 3.10+ while using modern annotation syntax
- Update all modules: connection, logging, heuristics, platform, gateway, http, exceptions

Author: Peter Sprygada

pyproject.toml

@@ -266,33 +266,46 @@ dummy-variable-rgx = "^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$"
 
 # Public API functions can use boolean parameters
 "src/ipsdk/connection.py" = [
+    "E402",     # Module level import not at top of file (after module docstring)
     "FBT001",   # Boolean-typed positional argument (part of public API)
     "FBT002",   # Boolean default positional argument (part of public API)
     "TRY301",   # Abstract raise to inner function (acceptable for error handling)
 ]
 
 "src/ipsdk/platform.py" = [
+    "E402",     # Module level import not at top of file (after module docstring)
     "FBT001",   # Boolean-typed positional argument (part of public API)
     "FBT002",   # Boolean default positional argument (part of public API)
     "TRY301",   # Abstract raise to inner function (acceptable for error handling)
 ]
 
 "src/ipsdk/gateway.py" = [
+    "E402",     # Module level import not at top of file (after module docstring)
     "FBT001",   # Boolean-typed positional argument (part of public API)
     "FBT002",   # Boolean default positional argument (part of public API)
 ]
 
 "src/ipsdk/exceptions.py" = [
+    "E402",     # Module level import not at top of file (after module docstring)
     "S110",     # try-except-pass (intentional for error handling)
 ]
 
 "src/ipsdk/logging.py" = [
+    "E402",     # Module level import not at top of file (after module docstring)
     "FBT001",   # Boolean-typed positional argument (part of public API)
     "FBT002",   # Boolean default positional argument (part of public API)
     "G004",     # Logging statement uses f-string (acceptable for informational logging)
     "E501",     # Line too long (docstrings can be longer)
 ]
 
+"src/ipsdk/heuristics.py" = [
+    "E402",     # Module level import not at top of file (after module docstring)
+]
+
+"src/ipsdk/http.py" = [
+    "E402",     # Module level import not at top of file (after module docstring)
+]
+
 [tool.ruff.lint.isort]
 known-first-party = ["ipsdk"]
 force-single-line = true

src/ipsdk/connection.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2025 Itential, Inc
 # GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see LICENSE or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 """HTTP connection implementations for the Itential Python SDK.
 
 This module provides both synchronous and asynchronous HTTP client implementations
@@ -130,9 +132,6 @@ async def fetch_devices():
 import urllib.parse
 
 from typing import Any
-from typing import Dict
-from typing import Optional
-from typing import Union
 
 import httpx
 
@@ -144,7 +143,7 @@ async def fetch_devices():
 
 
 class ConnectionBase:
-    client: Union[httpx.Client, httpx.AsyncClient]
+    client: httpx.Client | httpx.AsyncClient
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ def __init__(
         self.token = None
 
         self.authenticated = False
-        self._auth_lock: Optional[Any] = None
+        self._auth_lock: Any | None = None
 
         self.client = self.__init_client__(
             base_url=self._make_base_url(host, port, base_path, use_tls),
@@ -247,8 +246,8 @@ def _build_request(
         self,
         method: HTTPMethod,
         path: str,
-        json: Union[str, bytes, dict, list] | None = None,
-        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+        json: str | bytes | dict | list | None = None,
+        params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None,
     ) -> httpx.Request:
         """Build an HTTP request object.
 
@@ -307,8 +306,8 @@ def _validate_request_args(
         self,
         method: HTTPMethod,
         path: str,
-        params: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
-        json: Optional[Union[str, bytes, dict, list]] = None,
+        params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None,
+        json: str | bytes | dict | (list | None) = None,
     ) -> None:
         """
         Validate request arguments to ensure they have correct types.
@@ -321,8 +320,8 @@ def _validate_request_args(
         Args:
             method (HTTPMethod): The HTTP method enum value to validate
             path (str): The request path to validate
-            params (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]): Query parameters dict to validate
-            json (Optional[Union[str, bytes, dict, list]]): JSON body to validate
+            params (dict[str, Any | None]): Query parameters dict to validate
+            json (Union[str, bytes, dict, list | None]): JSON body to validate
 
         Returns:
             None
@@ -353,7 +352,7 @@ def _validate_request_args(
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def __init_client__(
         self, base_url: str | None = None, verify: bool = True, timeout: int = 30
-    ) -> Union[httpx.Client, httpx.AsyncClient]:
+    ) -> httpx.Client | httpx.AsyncClient:
         """Initialize the HTTP client.
 
         Abstract method to be implemented by subclasses to create either a
@@ -365,7 +364,7 @@ def __init_client__(
             timeout: Connection timeout in seconds. Defaults to 30.
 
         Returns:
-            Union[httpx.Client, httpx.AsyncClient]: The initialized HTTP client.
+            httpx.Client | httpx.AsyncClient: The initialized HTTP client.
 
         Raises:
             None
@@ -416,8 +415,8 @@ def _send_request(
         self,
         method: HTTPMethod,
         path: str,
-        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
-        json: Union[str, bytes, dict, list] | None = None,
+        params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None,
+        json: str | bytes | dict | list | None = None,
     ) -> Response:
         """Send an HTTP request to the API endpoint.
 
@@ -473,7 +472,7 @@ def _send_request(
 
         return Response(res)
 
-    def get(self, path: str, params: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Response:
+    def get(self, path: str, params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None) -> Response:
         """Send an HTTP GET request to the server.
 
         Args:
@@ -490,7 +489,9 @@ def get(self, path: str, params: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Response:
         logging.trace(self.get, modname=__name__, clsname=self.__class__)
         return self._send_request(HTTPMethod.GET, path=path, params=params)
 
-    def delete(self, path: str, params: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Response:
+    def delete(
+        self, path: str, params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None
+    ) -> Response:
         """Send an HTTP DELETE request to the server.
 
         Args:
@@ -510,8 +511,8 @@ def delete(self, path: str, params: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Response:
     def post(
         self,
         path: str,
-        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
-        json: Union[str, bytes, list, dict] | None = None,
+        params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None,
+        json: str | bytes | list | dict | None = None,
     ) -> Response:
         """Send an HTTP POST request to the server.
 
@@ -534,8 +535,8 @@ def post(
     def put(
         self,
         path: str,
-        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
-        json: Union[str, bytes, list, dict] | None = None,
+        params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None,
+        json: str | bytes | list | dict | None = None,
     ) -> Response:
         """Send an HTTP PUT request to the server.
 
@@ -558,8 +559,8 @@ def put(
     def patch(
         self,
         path: str,
-        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
-        json: Union[str, bytes, list, dict] | None = None,
+        params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None,
+        json: str | bytes | list | dict | None = None,
     ) -> Response:
         """Send an HTTP PATCH request to the server.
 
@@ -588,7 +589,7 @@ def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         self._auth_lock = asyncio.Lock()
 
     def __init_client__(
-        self, base_url: Optional[str] = None, verify: bool = True, timeout: int = 30
+        self, base_url: str | None = None, verify: bool = True, timeout: int = 30
     ) -> httpx.AsyncClient:
         """
         Initialize the httpx.AsyncClient instance
@@ -625,8 +626,8 @@ async def _send_request(
         self,
         method: HTTPMethod,
         path: str,
-        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
-        json: Union[str, bytes, dict, list] | None = None,
+        params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None,
+        json: str | bytes | dict | list | None = None,
     ) -> Response:
         """Send an asynchronous HTTP request to the API endpoint.
 
@@ -682,7 +683,9 @@ async def _send_request(
 
         return Response(res)
 
-    async def get(self, path: str, params: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Response:
+    async def get(
+        self, path: str, params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None
+    ) -> Response:
         """
         Send a HTTP GET request to the server and return the response.
 
@@ -705,7 +708,7 @@ async def get(self, path: str, params: dict[str, Any] | None = None) -> Response
         return await self._send_request(HTTPMethod.GET, path=path, params=params)
 
     async def delete(
-        self, path: str, params: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+        self, path: str, params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None
     ) -> Response:
         """
         Send a HTTP DELETE request to the server and return the response.
@@ -731,8 +734,8 @@ async def delete(
     async def post(
         self,
         path: str,
-        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
-        json: Union[str, bytes, dict, list] | None = None,
+        params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None,
+        json: str | bytes | dict | list | None = None,
     ) -> Response:
         """
         Send a HTTP POST request to the server and return the response.
@@ -766,8 +769,8 @@ async def post(
     async def put(
         self,
         path: str,
-        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
-        json: Union[str, bytes, dict, list] | None = None,
+        params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None,
+        json: str | bytes | dict | list | None = None,
     ) -> Response:
         """
         Send a HTTP PUT request to the server and return the response.
@@ -801,8 +804,8 @@ async def put(
     async def patch(
         self,
         path: str,
-        params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
-        json: Union[str, bytes, dict, list] | None = None,
+        params: dict[str, Any | None] | None = None,
+        json: str | bytes | dict | list | None = None,
     ) -> Response:
         """
         Send a HTTP PATCH request to the server and return the response.

src/ipsdk/exceptions.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2025 Itential, Inc
 # GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see LICENSE or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 """
 Exception hierarchy for the Itential Python SDK.
 
@@ -73,13 +75,14 @@
         print(f"Response body: {e.response.text}")
 """
 
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import Any
-from typing import Optional
-
-import httpx
 
 from . import logging
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import httpx
+
 
 class IpsdkError(Exception):
     """
@@ -93,7 +96,7 @@ class IpsdkError(Exception):
         details (dict): Additional error details and context
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, message: str, exc: Optional[httpx.HTTPError] = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, message: str, exc: httpx.HTTPError | None = None) -> None:
         """
         Initialize the base SDK exception.
 

src/ipsdk/gateway.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Copyright (c) 2025 Itential, Inc
 # GNU General Public License v3.0+ (see LICENSE or https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.txt)
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 """Itential Automation Gateway client implementation for the SDK.
 
 This module provides client implementations for connecting to and interacting
@@ -149,7 +151,6 @@ async def get_devices():
 """
 
 from typing import Any
-from typing import Optional
 
 import httpx
 
@@ -206,8 +207,8 @@ class AuthMixin:
     """
 
     # Attributes that should be provided by ConnectionBase
-    user: Optional[str]
-    password: Optional[str]
+    user: str | None
+    password: str | None
     client: httpx.Client
 
     def authenticate(self) -> None:
@@ -242,8 +243,8 @@ class AsyncAuthMixin:
     """
 
     # Attributes that should be provided by ConnectionBase
-    user: Optional[str]
-    password: Optional[str]
+    user: str | None
+    password: str | None
     client: httpx.AsyncClient
 
     async def authenticate(self) -> None: