merging all conflicts

Author: iliakan

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+github: iliakan

.gitignore

@@ -21,3 +21,4 @@ sftp-config.json
 Thumbs.db
 
 
+/svgs

1-js/01-getting-started/1-intro/article.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # An Introduction to JavaScript
 
-Let's see what's so special about JavaScript, what we can achieve with it, and which other technologies play well with it.
+Let's see what's so special about JavaScript, what we can achieve with it, and what other technologies play well with it.
 
 ## What is JavaScript?
 
@@ -24,26 +24,26 @@ The browser has an embedded engine sometimes called a "JavaScript virtual machin
 
 Different engines have different "codenames". For example:
 
-- [V8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)) -- in Chrome and Opera.
+- [V8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)) -- in Chrome, Opera and Edge.
 - [SpiderMonkey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpiderMonkey) -- in Firefox.
-- ...There are other codenames like "Chakra" for IE, "ChakraCore" for Microsoft Edge, "Nitro" and "SquirrelFish" for Safari, etc.
+- ...There are other codenames like "Chakra" for IE, "JavaScriptCore", "Nitro" and "SquirrelFish" for Safari, etc.
 
-The terms above are good to remember because they are used in developer articles on the internet. We'll use them too. For instance, if "a feature X is supported by V8", then it probably works in Chrome and Opera.
+The terms above are good to remember because they are used in developer articles on the internet. We'll use them too. For instance, if "a feature X is supported by V8", then it probably works in Chrome, Opera and Edge.
 
 ```smart header="How do engines work?"
 
 Engines are complicated. But the basics are easy.
 
 1. The engine (embedded if it's a browser) reads ("parses") the script.
-2. Then it converts ("compiles") the script to the machine language.
+2. Then it converts ("compiles") the script to machine code.
 3. And then the machine code runs, pretty fast.
 
 The engine applies optimizations at each step of the process. It even watches the compiled script as it runs, analyzes the data that flows through it, and further optimizes the machine code based on that knowledge.
 ```
 
 ## What can in-browser JavaScript do?
 
-Modern JavaScript is a "safe" programming language. It does not provide low-level access to memory or CPU, because it was initially created for browsers which do not require it.
+Modern JavaScript is a "safe" programming language. It does not provide low-level access to memory or the CPU, because it was initially created for browsers which do not require it.
 
 JavaScript's capabilities greatly depend on the environment it's running in. For instance, [Node.js](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Node.js) supports functions that allow JavaScript to read/write arbitrary files, perform network requests, etc.
 
@@ -59,25 +59,25 @@ For instance, in-browser JavaScript is able to:
 
 ## What CAN'T in-browser JavaScript do?
 
-JavaScript's abilities in the browser are limited for the sake of the user's safety. The aim is to prevent an evil webpage from accessing private information or harming the user's data.
+JavaScript's abilities in the browser are limited to protect the user's safety. The aim is to prevent an evil webpage from accessing private information or harming the user's data.
 
 Examples of such restrictions include:
 
 - JavaScript on a webpage may not read/write arbitrary files on the hard disk, copy them or execute programs. It has no direct access to OS functions.
 
     Modern browsers allow it to work with files, but the access is limited and only provided if the user does certain actions, like "dropping" a file into a browser window or selecting it via an `<input>` tag.
 
-    There are ways to interact with camera/microphone and other devices, but they require a user's explicit permission. So a JavaScript-enabled page may not sneakily enable a web-camera, observe the surroundings and send the information to the [NSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency).
-- Different tabs/windows generally do not know about each other. Sometimes they do, for example when one window uses JavaScript to open the other one. But even in this case, JavaScript from one page may not access the other if they come from different sites (from a different domain, protocol or port).
+    There are ways to interact with the camera/microphone and other devices, but they require a user's explicit permission. So a JavaScript-enabled page may not sneakily enable a web-camera, observe the surroundings and send the information to the [NSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency).
+- Different tabs/windows generally do not know about each other. Sometimes they do, for example when one window uses JavaScript to open the other one. But even in this case, JavaScript from one page may not access the other page if they come from different sites (from a different domain, protocol or port).
 
-    This is called the "Same Origin Policy". To work around that, *both pages* must agree for data exchange and contain a special JavaScript code that handles it. We'll cover that in the tutorial.
+    This is called the "Same Origin Policy". To work around that, *both pages* must agree for data exchange and must contain special JavaScript code that handles it. We'll cover that in the tutorial.
 
-    This limitation is, again, for the user's safety. A page from `http://anysite.com` which a user has opened must not be able to access another browser tab with the URL `http://gmail.com` and steal information from there.
+    This limitation is, again, for the user's safety. A page from `http://anysite.com` which a user has opened must not be able to access another browser tab with the URL `http://gmail.com`, for example, and steal information from there.
 - JavaScript can easily communicate over the net to the server where the current page came from. But its ability to receive data from other sites/domains is crippled. Though possible, it requires explicit agreement (expressed in HTTP headers) from the remote side. Once again, that's a safety limitation.
 
 ![](limitations.svg)
 
-Such limits do not exist if JavaScript is used outside of the browser, for example on a server. Modern browsers also allow plugin/extensions which may ask for extended permissions.
+Such limitations do not exist if JavaScript is used outside of the browser, for example on a server. Modern browsers also allow plugins/extensions which may ask for extended permissions.
 
 ## What makes JavaScript unique?
 
@@ -86,36 +86,37 @@ There are at least *three* great things about JavaScript:
 ```compare
 + Full integration with HTML/CSS.
 + Simple things are done simply.
-+ Support by all major browsers and enabled by default.
++ Supported by all major browsers and enabled by default.
 ```
 JavaScript is the only browser technology that combines these three things.
 
 That's what makes JavaScript unique. That's why it's the most widespread tool for creating browser interfaces.
 
-That said, JavaScript also allows to create servers, mobile applications, etc.
+That said, JavaScript can be used to create servers, mobile applications, etc.
 
 ## Languages "over" JavaScript
 
 The syntax of JavaScript does not suit everyone's needs. Different people want different features.
 
 That's to be expected, because projects and requirements are different for everyone.
 
-So recently a plethora of new languages appeared, which are *transpiled* (converted) to JavaScript before they run in the browser.
+So, recently a plethora of new languages appeared, which are *transpiled* (converted) to JavaScript before they run in the browser.
 
 Modern tools make the transpilation very fast and transparent, actually allowing developers to code in another language and auto-converting it "under the hood".
 
 Examples of such languages:
 
-- [CoffeeScript](http://coffeescript.org/) is a "syntactic sugar" for JavaScript. It introduces shorter syntax, allowing us to write clearer and more precise code. Usually, Ruby devs like it.
-- [TypeScript](http://www.typescriptlang.org/) is concentrated on adding "strict data typing" to simplify the development and support of complex systems. It is developed by Microsoft.
-- [Flow](http://flow.org/) also adds data typing, but in a different way. Developed by Facebook.
+- [CoffeeScript](https://coffeescript.org/) is "syntactic sugar" for JavaScript. It introduces shorter syntax, allowing us to write clearer and more precise code. Usually, Ruby devs like it.
+- [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org/) is concentrated on adding "strict data typing" to simplify the development and support of complex systems. It is developed by Microsoft.
+- [Flow](https://flow.org/) also adds data typing, but in a different way. Developed by Facebook.
 - [Dart](https://www.dartlang.org/) is a standalone language that has its own engine that runs in non-browser environments (like mobile apps), but also can be transpiled to JavaScript. Developed by Google.
-- [Brython](https://brython.info/) is a Python transpiler to JavaScript that allow to write application in pure Python without JavaScript.
+- [Brython](https://brython.info/) is a Python transpiler to JavaScript that enables the writing of applications in pure Python without JavaScript.
+- [Kotlin](https://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/js-overview.html) is a modern, concise and safe programming language that can target the browser or Node.
 
-There are more. Of course, even if we use one of transpiled languages, we should also know JavaScript to really understand what we're doing.
+There are more. Of course, even if we use one of these transpiled languages, we should also know JavaScript to really understand what we're doing.
 
 ## Summary
 
-- JavaScript was initially created as a browser-only language, but is now used in many other environments as well.
-- Today, JavaScript has a unique position as the most widely-adopted browser language with full integration with HTML/CSS.
+- JavaScript was initially created as a browser-only language, but it is now used in many other environments as well.
+- Today, JavaScript has a unique position as the most widely-adopted browser language, fully integrated with HTML/CSS.
 - There are many languages that get "transpiled" to JavaScript and provide certain features. It is recommended to take a look at them, at least briefly, after mastering JavaScript.

1-js/01-getting-started/2-manuals-specifications/article.md

@@ -1,22 +1,35 @@
 
 # Manuali dhe specifikat
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 Ky libër eshte nje *udhëzues*. Ai synon t'ju ndihmojë të mësoni gradualisht gjuhën. Por sapo të njiheni me gjerat bazike, do t'ju nevojiten burime të tjera.
+=======
+This book is a *tutorial*. It aims to help you gradually learn the language. But once you're familiar with the basics, you'll need other resources.
+>>>>>>> d78b01e9833009fab534462e05c03cffc51bf0e3
 
 ## Specification
 
 [Specifikimi ECMA-262](https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-262.htm) përmban informacionin më të thellë, të detajuar dhe të zyrtarizuar rreth JavaScript. Ai percakton gjuhën.
 
 Por duke qenë se është formalizuar, është e vështirë për tu kuptuar në fillim. Prandaj, nëse ju nevojitet burimi më i besueshëm i informacionit për detajet e gjuhës, specifikacioni është vendi i duhur. Por nuk është për përdorim të përditshëm.
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 Çdo vit lëshohet një version i ri i specifikacionit. Mes këtyre versioneve, drafti i fundit i specifikacionit gjendet në adresën <https://tc39.es/ecma262/>.
+=======
+A new specification version is released every year. Between these releases, the latest specification draft is at <https://tc39.es/ecma262/>.
+>>>>>>> d78b01e9833009fab534462e05c03cffc51bf0e3
 
 Për të lexuar rreth veçorive të reja të fundit, duke përfshirë ato që janë "gati standarte" (të ashtuquajtura "stage 3"), shikoni propozimet tek <https://github.com/tc39/proposals>.
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 Gjithashtu, nëse po zhvilloni për shfletuesin, atëherë ka specifikime të tjera që trajtohen në [pjesen e dyte](info:browser-environment) të udhëzuesit.
+=======
+Also, if you're developing for the browser, then there are other specifications covered in the [second part](info:browser-environment) of the tutorial.
+>>>>>>> d78b01e9833009fab534462e05c03cffc51bf0e3
 
 ## Manuali
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 - **MDN (Mozilla) JavaScript Reference** është një manual me shembuj dhe informacione të tjera. Është shumë e mirë për të marrë informacion të hollësishëm për funksionet, metodat etj.
 
     Mund ta gjeni në adresën <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference>.
@@ -27,16 +40,30 @@ Gjithashtu, nëse po zhvilloni për shfletuesin, atëherë ka specifikime të tj
 - **MSDN** – Manuali i Microsoft më shumë informacion, përfshirë JavaScript (shpesh e quajtur JScript). Nëse dikush ka nevojë për diçka specifike për Internet Explorer, është më mirë të shkojë aty: <http://msdn.microsoft.com/>.
 
     Gjithashtu, mund të përdorim një kërkim në internet me fraza të tilla si "RegExp MSDN" ose "RegExp MSDN jscript".
+=======
+- **MDN (Mozilla) JavaScript Reference** is the main manual with examples and other information. It's great to get in-depth information about individual language functions, methods etc.
+
+    You can find it at <https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference>.
+
+Although, it's often best to use an internet search instead. Just use "MDN [term]" in the query, e.g. <https://google.com/search?q=MDN+parseInt> to search for the `parseInt` function.
+>>>>>>> d78b01e9833009fab534462e05c03cffc51bf0e3
 
 ## Tabelat e përputhshmërisë
 
 Javascript është një gjuhë zhvilluese, veçoritë e reja shtohen rregullisht.
 
 Për të parë mbështetjen e tyre në shfletuesit dhe motorët e tjerë, shihni:
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 - <http://caniuse.com> - tabela e suportit sipas veçorive p.sh. për të parë cilët motorë mbështesin funksionet moderne të kriptografisë:  <http://caniuse.com/#feat=cryptography>.
 - <https://kangax.github.io/compat-table> - Një tabelë me veçoritë e gjuhës dhe motorët që i suportojnë ose nuk i suportojnë.
 
 Të gjithë këto burime janë të dobishme në zhvillimin e vërtetë, pasi përmbajnë informacion të vlefshëm rreth detajeve të gjuhës, mbështetjes së tyre, dhe aspekteve të tjera relevante.
+=======
+- <https://caniuse.com> - per-feature tables of support, e.g. to see which engines support modern cryptography functions: <https://caniuse.com/#feat=cryptography>.
+- <https://kangax.github.io/compat-table> - a table with language features and engines that support those or don't support.
+
+All these resources are useful in real-life development, as they contain valuable information about language details, their support, etc.
+>>>>>>> d78b01e9833009fab534462e05c03cffc51bf0e3
 
 Ju lutem mbani mend këto burime (ose këtë faqe) për rastet kur ju nevojitet informacion i hollësishëm rreth një veçorie të veçantë.

1-js/01-getting-started/3-code-editors/article.md

@@ -12,8 +12,13 @@ Një IDE ngarkon projektin (që mund të përmbaj shume dosje), lejon navigimin
 
 Nëse ende nuk keni zgjedhur një IDE, konsideroni këto opsione:
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 - [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) (cross-platform, falas).
 - [WebStorm](http://www.jetbrains.com/webstorm/) (cross-platform, me pagese).
+=======
+- [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) (cross-platform, free).
+- [WebStorm](https://www.jetbrains.com/webstorm/) (cross-platform, paid).
+>>>>>>> d78b01e9833009fab534462e05c03cffc51bf0e3
 
 Për Windows, gjithashtu ekziston "Visual Studio", pa u ngatërruar me "Visual Studio Code". "Visual Studio" është një editor me pagesë dhe shumë i fuqishëm, i përshtatshëm për platformën .NET. Është gjithashtu i mirë për JavaScript. Ekziston gjithashtu një version falas [Visual Studio Community](https://www.visualstudio.com/vs/community/).
 
@@ -29,18 +34,35 @@ Diferenca kryesore mes një "editori të lehtë" dhe një "IDE" është se një
 
 Në praktikë, editorët e lehtë mund të kenë shumë plugin duke përfshirë analizues sintakse në nivelin e direktorisë dhe plotësues automatikë, kështu që nuk ka kufi të prerë mes një editori të lehtë dhe një IDE.
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 Opsionet në vijim meritojnë vëmendjen tuaj:
 
 - [Atom](https://atom.io/) (cross-platform, falas).
 - [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) (cross-platform, falas).
 - [Sublime Text](http://www.sublimetext.com) (cross-platform, me pagese).
 - [Notepad++](https://notepad-plus-plus.org/) (Windows, falas).
 - [Vim](http://www.vim.org/) dhe [Emacs](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/) janë gjithashtu të shkëlqyeshëm nëse dini si t'i përdorni.
+=======
+There are many options, for instance:
+
+- [Sublime Text](https://www.sublimetext.com/) (cross-platform, shareware).
+- [Notepad++](https://notepad-plus-plus.org/) (Windows, free).
+- [Vim](https://www.vim.org/) and [Emacs](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/) are also cool if you know how to use them.
+>>>>>>> d78b01e9833009fab534462e05c03cffc51bf0e3
 
 ## Le të mos diskutojmë.
 
 Në listat e mësipërme janë të përfshirë editorët që unë ose miqtë e mi që i konsideroj zhvillues të mirë kemi përdorur për një kohë të gjatë dhe jemi të kënaqur me to.
 
 Ka edhe editorë të tjerë të shkëlqyeshëm në botën tonë të madhe. Ju lutem zgjidhni atë që ju pëlqen më shumë.
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 Zgjedhja e një editori, si çdo mjet tjetër, është individuale dhe varet nga projektet tuaja, zakonet dhe preferencat personale.
+=======
+The choice of an editor, like any other tool, is individual and depends on your projects, habits, and personal preferences.
+
+The author's personal opinion:
+
+- I'd use [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/) if I develop mostly frontend.
+- Otherwise, if it's mostly another language/platform and partially frontend, then consider other editors, such as XCode (Mac), Visual Studio (Windows) or Jetbrains family (Webstorm, PHPStorm, RubyMine etc, depending on the language).
+>>>>>>> d78b01e9833009fab534462e05c03cffc51bf0e3

1-js/01-getting-started/4-devtools/article.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Mjetet e zhvilluesit do të hapen në skedën "Console" si parazgjedhje.
 
 Do te duket dicka e tillë:
 
-![chrome](chrome.png)
+![chrome](chrome.webp)
 
 Pamja e saktë e mjetit te zhvilluesit varet nga versioni juaj i Chrome. Ajo ndryshon nga koha në kohë, por duhet të jetë e ngjashme.
 
@@ -49,7 +49,11 @@ Pamjet e tyre janë shumë të ngjashme. Nëse dini si të përdorni njërin nga
 
 Safari (shfletuesi i Mac, i cili nuk mbështetet në Windows/Linux) është paksa i veçantë këtu. Ne duhet të aktivizojmë "Menunë e Zhvilluesit" së pari.
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 Hapni Preferencat dhe shkoni te paneli "Advanced". Në fund të tij ka një kutizë zgjedhjeje:
+=======
+Open Settings and go to the "Advanced" pane. There's a checkbox at the bottom:
+>>>>>>> d78b01e9833009fab534462e05c03cffc51bf0e3
 
 ![safari](safari.png)