0x10-https_ssl

0x10. HTTPS SSL

• By Sylvain Kalache, co-founder at Holberton School

In a nutshell...

Concepts

For this project, students are expected to look at these concepts:

• DNS
• Web stack debugging

Background Context

What happens when you don't secure your website traffic?

Resources

Read or watch:

• What is HTTPS?
• What are the 2 main elements that SSL is providing
• HAProxy SSL termination on Ubuntu16.04
• SSL termination
• Bash function

man or help:

• awk
• dig

Learning Objectives

At the end of this project, you are expected to be able to explain to anyone, without the help of Google:

General

• What is HTTPS SSL 2 main roles
• What is the purpose encrypting traffic
• What SSL termination means

Requirements

General

• Allowed editors: vi, vim, emacs
• All your files will be interpreted on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
• All your files should end with a new line
• A README.md file, at the root of the folder of the project, is mandatory
• All your Bash script files must be executable
• Your Bash script must pass Shellcheck (version 0.3.7) without any error
• The first line of all your Bash scripts should be exactly #!/usr/bin/env bash
• The second line of all your Bash scripts should be a comment explaining what is the script doing

Quiz questions

Great! You've completed the quiz successfully! Keep going! (Show quiz)

Your servers

| Name | Username | IP | State |
| | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1723-web-01 | ubuntu | 100.26.181.86 | running |
|

|
| | 1723-web-02 | ubuntu | 34.238.192.13 | running |
|

|
| | 1723-lb-01 | ubuntu | 34.239.164.90 | running |
|

|
|

Tasks

0. World wide web

mandatory

Configure your domain zone so that the subdomain www points to your load-balancer IP (lb-01). Let's also add other subdomains to make our life easier, and write a Bash script that will display information about subdomains.

Requirements:

• Add the subdomain www to your domain, point it to your lb-01 IP (your domain name might be configured with default subdomains, feel free to remove them)
• Add the subdomain lb-01 to your domain, point it to your lb-01 IP
• Add the subdomain web-01 to your domain, point it to your web-01 IP
• Add the subdomain web-02 to your domain, point it to your web-02 IP
• Your Bash script must accept 2 arguments:
  1. domain:
     • type: string
     • what: domain name to audit
     • mandatory: yes
  2. subdomain:
     • type: string
     • what: specific subdomain to audit
     • mandatory: no
• Output: The subdomain [SUB_DOMAIN] is a [RECORD_TYPE] record and points to [DESTINATION]
• When only the parameter domain is provided, display information for its subdomains www, lb-01, web-01 and web-02 - in this specific order
• When passing domain and subdomain parameters, display information for the specified subdomain
• Ignore shellcheck case SC2086
• Must use:
  • awk
  • at least one Bash function
• You do not need to handle edge cases such as:
  • Empty parameters
  • Nonexistent domain names
  • Nonexistent subdomains

Example:

sylvain@ubuntu$ dig www.holberton.online | grep -A1 'ANSWER SECTION:'
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.holberton.online.   87  IN  A   54.210.47.110
sylvain@ubuntu$ dig lb-01.holberton.online | grep -A1 'ANSWER SECTION:'
;; ANSWER SECTION:
lb-01.holberton.online. 101 IN  A   54.210.47.110
sylvain@ubuntu$ dig web-01.holberton.online | grep -A1 'ANSWER SECTION:'
;; ANSWER SECTION:
web-01.holberton.online. 212    IN  A   34.198.248.145
sylvain@ubuntu$ dig web-02.holberton.online | grep -A1 'ANSWER SECTION:'
;; ANSWER SECTION:
web-02.holberton.online. 298    IN  A   54.89.38.100
sylvain@ubuntu$
sylvain@ubuntu$
sylvain@ubuntu$ ./0-world_wide_web holberton.online
The subdomain www is a A record and points to 54.210.47.110
The subdomain lb-01 is a A record and points to 54.210.47.110
The subdomain web-01 is a A record and points to 34.198.248.145
The subdomain web-02 is a A record and points to 54.89.38.100
sylvain@ubuntu$
sylvain@ubuntu$ ./0-world_wide_web holberton.online web-02
The subdomain web-02 is a A record and points to 54.89.38.100
sylvain@ubuntu$

Repo:

• GitHub repository: alx-system_engineering-devops
• Directory: 0x10-https_ssl
• File: 0-world_wide_web

1. HAproxy SSL termination

mandatory

"Terminating SSL on HAproxy" means that HAproxy is configured to handle encrypted traffic, unencrypt it and pass it on to its destination.

Create a certificate using certbot and configure HAproxy to accept encrypted traffic for your subdomain www..

Requirements:

• HAproxy must be listening on port TCP 443
• HAproxy must be accepting SSL traffic
• HAproxy must serve encrypted traffic that will return the / of your web server
• When querying the root of your domain name, the page returned must contain Holberton School
• Share your HAproxy config as an answer file (/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg)

The file 1-haproxy_ssl_termination must be your HAproxy configuration file

Make sure to install HAproxy 1.5 or higher, SSL termination is not available before v1.5.

Example:

sylvain@ubuntu$ curl -sI https://www.holberton.online
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.4.6 (Ubuntu)
Date: Tue, 28 Feb 2017 01:52:04 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 30
Last-Modified: Tue, 21 Feb 2017 07:21:32 GMT
ETag: "58abea7c-1e"
X-Served-By: 03-web-01
Accept-Ranges: bytes
sylvain@ubuntu$
sylvain@ubuntu$ curl https://www.holberton.online
Holberton School for the win!
sylvain@ubuntu$

Repo:

• GitHub repository: alx-system_engineering-devops
• Directory: 0x10-https_ssl
• File: 1-haproxy_ssl_termination

2. No loophole in your website traffic

#advanced

A good habit is to enforce HTTPS traffic so that no unencrypted traffic is possible. Configure HAproxy to automatically redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS.

Requirements:

• This should be transparent to the user
• HAproxy should return a 301
• HAproxy should redirect HTTP traffic to HTTPS
• Share your HAproxy config as an answer file (/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg)

The file 100-redirect_http_to_https must be your HAproxy configuration file

Example:

sylvain@ubuntu$ curl -sIL http://www.holberton.online
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Content-length: 0
Location: https://www.holberton.online/
Connection: close

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.4.6 (Ubuntu)
Date: Tue, 28 Feb 2017 02:19:18 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 30
Last-Modified: Tue, 21 Feb 2017 07:21:32 GMT
ETag: "58abea7c-1e"
X-Served-By: 03-web-01
Accept-Ranges: bytes

sylvain@ubuntu$

Repo:

• GitHub repository: alx-system_engineering-devops
• Directory: 0x10-https_ssl
• File: 100-redirect_http_to_https