Osra - Easy Communication Between Workers

Osra is a powerful, type-safe communication library for JavaScript/TypeScript that enables seamless inter-context communication with support for complex data types that normally wouldn't be transferable.

Features

• Universal Communication - Works across Workers, SharedWorkers, ServiceWorkers, Windows, MessagePorts, WebSockets, and Browser Extensions
• Rich Type Support - Seamlessly handle Promises, Functions, Streams, Dates, Errors, TypedArrays, and more
• Full TypeScript Support - Complete type safety with automatic type inference
• Intelligent Transport - Automatically detects platform capabilities and adapts accordingly
• Zero Dependencies - Lightweight with no external runtime dependencies
• Graceful Degradation - Falls back to JSON-only mode when advanced features aren't supported

Installation

npm install osra

Quick Start

Basic Worker Communication

Worker file (worker.ts):

import { expose } from 'osra'

const api = {
  // Simple function
  add: async (a: number, b: number) => a + b,

  // Function returning complex objects
  getUser: async (id: string) => ({
    id,
    name: 'John Doe',
    createdAt: new Date(),
    // Even functions work!
    greet: () => `Hello, I'm user ${id}`,
  }),

  // Streaming data
  streamData: async function* () {
    for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
      yield i
      await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 100))
    }
  }
}

export type WorkerAPI = typeof api

// Expose the API through the worker
expose(api, { transport: self })

Main thread (main.ts):

import { expose } from 'osra'
import type { WorkerAPI } from './worker'

const worker = new Worker('./worker.js', { type: 'module' })

// Connect to the worker with full type safety
const api = await expose<WorkerAPI>({}, { transport: worker })

// Call functions as if they were local
const sum = await api.add(5, 3) // 8

// Complex objects work seamlessly
const user = await api.getUser('123')
console.log(user.createdAt) // Date object, not string!
const greeting = await user.greet() // "Hello, I'm user 123"

// Stream data
for await (const value of api.streamData()) {
  console.log(value) // 0, 1, 2, ...
}

Advanced Examples

Window to Window Communication

// Parent window
import { expose } from 'osra'

const childWindow = window.open('child.html')

const parentAPI = {
  notifyParent: async (message: string) => {
    console.log('Child says:', message)
  }
}

const childAPI = await expose<ChildAPI>(parentAPI, {
  transport: childWindow,
  origin: 'https://child-domain.com' // Optional: restrict origin
})

// Child window (child.html)
const childAPI = {
  initialize: async () => {
    console.log('Child initialized!')
    return true
  }
}

expose(childAPI, { transport: window.parent })

SharedWorker Communication

// Shared Worker
import { expose } from 'osra'

const connections = new Set<string>()

const api = {
  connect: async (clientId: string) => {
    connections.add(clientId)
    return {
      broadcast: async (message: string) => {
        // Broadcast to all connected clients
        console.log(`${clientId} broadcasts: ${message}`)
      }
    }
  }
}

self.addEventListener('connect', (event) => {
  const port = event.ports[0]
  expose(api, { transport: port })
})

// Client
const sharedWorker = new SharedWorker('./shared-worker.js')
const api = await expose<SharedWorkerAPI>({}, { transport: sharedWorker })
const connection = await api.connect('client-1')
await connection.broadcast('Hello everyone!')

Browser Extension Communication

// Background script
import { expose } from 'osra'

const api = {
  fetchData: async (url: string) => {
    const response = await fetch(url)
    return response.json()
  }
}

expose(api, { transport: chrome.runtime })

// Content script or popup
const api = await expose<BackgroundAPI>({}, { transport: chrome.runtime })
const data = await api.fetchData('https://api.example.com/data')

Custom Transport

import { expose } from 'osra'

// Create custom transport for any communication channel
const customTransport = {
  emit: (message: any, transferables?: Transferable[]) => {
    // Send message through your custom channel
    myCustomChannel.send(message, transferables)
  },
  receive: (listener: (message: any) => void) => {
    // Listen for messages from your custom channel
    myCustomChannel.on('message', listener)

    // Return cleanup function
    return () => myCustomChannel.off('message', listener)
  }
}

const api = await expose<RemoteAPI>({}, { transport: customTransport })

Supported Types

Osra automatically handles serialization/deserialization of:

• Primitives: boolean, number, string, null, undefined, BigInt
• Objects & Arrays: Including nested structures
• Built-in Objects: Date, RegExp, Map, Set, Error
• Binary Data: ArrayBuffer, TypedArray, Blob, File
• Functions: Callable across contexts with full async support
• Promises: Seamlessly await remote promises
• Streams: ReadableStream support (WritableStream coming soon)
• Transferables: MessagePort, ImageBitmap, OffscreenCanvas

API Reference

expose<T>(value, options)

The main function for establishing communication between contexts.

Parameters

• value: The object/value to expose (server-side) or an empty object (client-side)
• options: Configuration object
  • transport: The transport to use (Worker, Window, MessagePort, etc.)
  • name?: Optional name for this endpoint (default: random UUID)
  • remoteName?: Name of the remote endpoint to connect to
  • key?: Optional key for additional security
  • origin?: Origin restriction for Window communication
  • unregisterSignal?: AbortSignal to clean up the connection
  • transferAll?: Automatically transfer all transferables (default: false)

Returns

Promise resolving to the remote API object with full type safety.

Transfer Optimization

For large binary data, use the transfer helper to transfer instead of clone:

import { expose, transfer } from 'osra'

const api = {
  processImage: async (imageData: ImageData) => {
    // Process image...
    return transfer(imageData) // Transfer back instead of cloning
  }
}

Protocol Modes

Bidirectional Mode (Default)

Both sides can expose APIs and call each other:

// Side A
const remoteAPI = await expose<RemoteAPI>(localAPI, { transport })

// Side B
const remoteAPI = await expose<RemoteAPI>(localAPI, { transport })

Unidirectional Mode

One-way communication when only one side needs to call the other:

// Server (exposes API)
expose(api, { transport })

// Client (calls API)
const api = await expose<API>({}, { transport })

Platform Capabilities

Osra automatically detects platform capabilities and adapts its behavior:

• MessagePort Transfer: Can transfer MessagePort objects for function calls
• ArrayBuffer Transfer: Can transfer ArrayBuffers instead of cloning
• Stream Transfer: Can transfer ReadableStreams directly
• Structured Clone: Supports native structured cloning

When operating in JSON-only mode (WebSockets, Browser Extensions), Osra uses a box/reviver system to serialize complex types like Functions, Promises, Dates, Errors, and TypedArrays into JSON-compatible representations that are automatically revived on the receiving end.

Performance Tips

1. Use Transfer for Large Data: Transfer ArrayBuffers and TypedArrays instead of cloning
2. Batch Operations: Group multiple calls when possible
3. Stream Large Datasets: Use async generators for large data sets
4. Reuse Connections: Keep connections alive for multiple operations

Browser Compatibility

• Chrome/Edge 88+
• Firefox 85+
• Safari 15+
• Node.js 16+ (with Worker Threads)

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request.

License

MIT © Banou26

Roadmap

• WritableStream support
• Custom revivable plugins for user-defined types
• Performance optimizations for large object graphs
• Better error handling and debugging tools
• WebRTC DataChannel transport