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@Gursukhab Gursukhab commented Aug 6, 2025

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features

    • Introduced a new Jenkins pipeline to automate CI/CD for the three-tier application, including code analysis, Docker image build/push, and Kubernetes deployment.
  • Bug Fixes

    • Updated the frontend Kubernetes Service to use a LoadBalancer and expose port 80 externally.
  • Chores

    • Removed legacy Jenkins pipeline scripts for frontend and backend applications.
    • Deleted Terraform configurations and related infrastructure files for Jenkins server setup.
    • Removed Kubernetes Ingress manifest.
    • Cleaned up DevOps tool installation scripts.
  • Style

    • Added missing newline characters to several Kubernetes manifest files.
    • Removed inline comments from Kubernetes secret files for improved clarity.

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coderabbitai bot commented Aug 6, 2025

Walkthrough

This update removes all Jenkins pipeline scripts for both backend and frontend, deletes the entire Terraform infrastructure-as-code stack for Jenkins server provisioning (including VPC, EC2, IAM, and associated scripts/configurations), and eliminates the Kubernetes Ingress manifest. A new consolidated Jenkins pipeline is introduced in jenkinsfile to automate CI/CD for the three-tier application, handling code analysis, Docker image builds, ECR pushes, and Kubernetes deployments. Minor changes include newline adjustments and a service type update in Kubernetes manifests.

Changes

Cohort / File(s) Change Summary
Jenkins Pipeline Removal
Jenkins-Pipeline-Code/Jenkinsfile-Backend, Jenkins-Pipeline-Code/Jenkinsfile-Frontend
Removed Jenkins pipeline scripts for backend and frontend applications, which previously defined multi-stage CI/CD workflows including code checkout, static analysis, security scanning, Docker image management, AWS ECR interaction, and deployment manifest updates.
Terraform Stack Removal
Jenkins-Server-TF/*
Deleted all Terraform files for Jenkins server infrastructure: backend config, EC2 resource, VPC/network setup, IAM roles/policies, provider config, variable declarations and assignments, AMI data source, and installation scripts. This eliminates the automated provisioning and configuration of Jenkins server resources on AWS.
Kubernetes Ingress Removal
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/ingress.yaml
Deleted the Kubernetes Ingress manifest that routed HTTP traffic via an ALB to backend and frontend services in the "three-tier" namespace.
New Unified Jenkins Pipeline
jenkinsfile
Introduced a new Jenkins pipeline automating CI/CD for the three-tier app: code checkout, SonarQube analysis, AWS ECR login, Docker image build/push for frontend and backend, Kubernetes manifest updates, namespace creation, and deployment via kubectl.
Kubernetes Service Update
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/service.yaml
Changed frontend service type from ClusterIP to LoadBalancer and updated exposed port from 3000 to 80 (targetPort remains 3000), enabling external access via load balancer.
Kubernetes Minor Edits
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml, Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/service.yaml, Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/deployment.yaml, Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/deployment.yaml, Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/pv.yaml, Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/pvc.yaml, Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/service.yaml
Added newline characters at the end of several Kubernetes manifest files for formatting consistency; no semantic or functional changes.
Kubernetes Secret Cleanup
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/secrets.yaml
Removed inline comments from the username and password fields in the database secret manifest; secret values remain unchanged.

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
    participant Jenkins
    participant GitHub
    participant SonarQube
    participant AWS ECR
    participant Docker
    participant Kubernetes

    Jenkins->>GitHub: Checkout code (main branch)
    Jenkins->>SonarQube: Run static code analysis (backend)
    Jenkins->>SonarQube: Wait for quality gate
    SonarQube-->>Jenkins: Quality gate result
    Jenkins->>AWS ECR: Login (using stored credentials)
    Jenkins->>Docker: Build frontend image
    Jenkins->>AWS ECR: Push frontend image
    Jenkins->>Docker: Build backend image
    Jenkins->>AWS ECR: Push backend image
    Jenkins->>Jenkins: Update image tags in deployment YAMLs
    Jenkins->>Kubernetes: Create namespace (if not exists)
    Jenkins->>Kubernetes: Apply manifests (DB, backend, frontend)
Loading

Estimated code review effort

🎯 4 (Complex) | ⏱️ ~40 minutes

Poem

🐇
Goodbye to scripts and Terraform stacks,
The Jenkins bunny tidies up the tracks.
A single pipeline now hops with glee,
Building and shipping for all to see.
Kubernetes fields get a fresh new line—
LoadBalancer shines, and all is fine!
Hoppily onward, CI/CD divine.

Note

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Learn more here, or try it out under "Finishing Touches" below.

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@Gursukhab
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Actionable comments posted: 3

🧹 Nitpick comments (2)
jenkinsfile (2)

41-63: DRY violation: duplicated build/push logic for frontend & backend
The two stages differ only in directory and repo name. Wrap the steps in a helper (shared library) or iterate over a map to cut the boilerplate and simplify future maintenance.


13-14: Static analysis & security scanning were dropped—consider reinstating
Previous pipelines ran SonarQube, OWASP Dependency-Check and Trivy. Removing these weakens the SDLC gate and may let vulnerabilities ship untested. Recommend restoring them as parallel stages before the build/push.

📜 Review details

Configuration used: CodeRabbit UI
Review profile: CHILL
Plan: Pro

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 82f9f75 and 970c72e.

📒 Files selected for processing (25)
  • Jenkins-Pipeline-Code/Jenkinsfile-Backend (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Pipeline-Code/Jenkinsfile-Frontend (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/.terraform.lock.hcl (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/backend.tf (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/ec2.tf (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/gather.tf (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/iam-instance-profile.tf (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/iam-policy.tf (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/iam-role.tf (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/provider.tf (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/tools-install.sh (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/variables.tf (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/variables.tfvars (0 hunks)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/vpc.tf (0 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml (0 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/service.yaml (0 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/deployment.yaml (0 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/pv.yaml (0 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/pvc.yaml (0 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/secrets.yaml (0 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/service.yaml (0 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/deployment.yaml (0 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/service.yaml (0 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/ingress.yaml (0 hunks)
  • jenkinsfile (1 hunks)
💤 Files with no reviewable changes (24)
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/iam-instance-profile.tf
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/iam-policy.tf
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/gather.tf
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/pv.yaml
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/secrets.yaml
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/deployment.yaml
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/provider.tf
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/service.yaml
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/variables.tfvars
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/.terraform.lock.hcl
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/ec2.tf
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/variables.tf
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/service.yaml
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/ingress.yaml
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/service.yaml
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/backend.tf
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/iam-role.tf
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/deployment.yaml
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/pvc.yaml
  • Jenkins-Pipeline-Code/Jenkinsfile-Backend
  • Jenkins-Pipeline-Code/Jenkinsfile-Frontend
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/vpc.tf
  • Jenkins-Server-TF/tools-install.sh

ECR_REGISTRY = '949908266326.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com'
FRONTEND_REPO = 'sukhab_app'
BACKEND_REPO = 'backend-app'
IMAGE_TAG = "latest"
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🛠️ Refactor suggestion

Use an immutable image tag instead of the hard-coded latest
Pushing latest overwrites the previous image, making roll-backs and provenance tracking impossible. Leverage a build-specific identifier (e.g. Jenkins BUILD_NUMBER or the short Git SHA).

-        IMAGE_TAG = "latest"
+        IMAGE_TAG = "${env.BUILD_NUMBER}"
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In jenkinsfile at line 9, replace the hard-coded IMAGE_TAG value "latest" with a
unique, immutable identifier such as the Jenkins BUILD_NUMBER or a short Git
SHA. This change ensures that each build produces a distinct image tag, enabling
proper roll-backs and provenance tracking. Modify the assignment to dynamically
set IMAGE_TAG using one of these build-specific variables.

Comment on lines +24 to +35
withCredentials([usernamePassword(credentialsId: 'aws-ecr-creds', usernameVariable: 'AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID', passwordVariable: 'AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')]) {
sh '''
mkdir -p ~/.aws

echo "[default]" > ~/.aws/credentials
echo "aws_access_key_id=$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID" >> ~/.aws/credentials
echo "aws_secret_access_key=$AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY" >> ~/.aws/credentials

echo "[default]" > ~/.aws/config
echo "region=$AWS_REGION" >> ~/.aws/config

aws ecr get-login-password --region $AWS_REGION | docker login --username AWS --password-stdin $ECR_REGISTRY
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⚠️ Potential issue

Credentials leakage: secrets are written to disk and survive the build
echo-ing keys into ~/.aws/credentials leaves permanent artefacts on the agent workspace and risks exfiltration via artefact archiving or a compromised node. Use in-memory env-vars only, or delete the file immediately after use.

-                        mkdir -p ~/.aws
-                        echo "[default]" > ~/.aws/credentials
-                        echo "aws_access_key_id=$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID" >> ~/.aws/credentials
-                        echo "aws_secret_access_key=$AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY" >> ~/.aws/credentials
-                        ...
+                        export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=${AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID}
+                        export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=${AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY}
+                        export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=${AWS_REGION}
+
+                        # Skip file materialisation entirely
+                        aws ecr get-login-password --region $AWS_REGION | \
+                          docker login --username AWS --password-stdin $ECR_REGISTRY

At minimum, append rm -rf ~/.aws after the login step.

Committable suggestion skipped: line range outside the PR's diff.

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In the jenkinsfile around lines 24 to 35, AWS credentials are written to disk in
~/.aws/credentials and ~/.aws/config, which risks credential leakage. To fix
this, avoid persisting these files by deleting the ~/.aws directory immediately
after the docker login step using 'rm -rf ~/.aws'. This ensures credentials do
not remain on disk after use.

Comment on lines +65 to +70
stage('Update Deployment YAMLs with Image') {
steps {
sh """
sed -i 's|image:.*|image: ${ECR_REGISTRY}/${BACKEND_REPO}:${IMAGE_TAG}|' Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml
sed -i 's|image:.*|image: ${ECR_REGISTRY}/${FRONTEND_REPO}:${IMAGE_TAG}|' Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/deployment.yaml
"""
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⚠️ Potential issue

sed 's|image:.*|…|' is too greedy and can corrupt the manifest
The pattern matches the first image: token it sees—potentially imagePullPolicy: or a side-car container image—leading to broken YAML. Prefer a YAML-aware tool (e.g. yq) or anchor the regex:

-                    sed -i 's|image:.*|image: ${ECR_REGISTRY}/${BACKEND_REPO}:${IMAGE_TAG}|' Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml
+                    yq -i '.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image = "'"${ECR_REGISTRY}/${BACKEND_REPO}:${IMAGE_TAG}"'"' \
+                          Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml

Same applies to the frontend line.

📝 Committable suggestion

‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

Suggested change
stage('Update Deployment YAMLs with Image') {
steps {
sh """
sed -i 's|image:.*|image: ${ECR_REGISTRY}/${BACKEND_REPO}:${IMAGE_TAG}|' Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml
sed -i 's|image:.*|image: ${ECR_REGISTRY}/${FRONTEND_REPO}:${IMAGE_TAG}|' Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/deployment.yaml
"""
stage('Update Deployment YAMLs with Image') {
steps {
sh """
- sed -i 's|image:.*|image: ${ECR_REGISTRY}/${BACKEND_REPO}:${IMAGE_TAG}|' Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml
+ yq -i '.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image = "'"${ECR_REGISTRY}/${BACKEND_REPO}:${IMAGE_TAG}"'"' \
+ Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml
- sed -i 's|image:.*|image: ${ECR_REGISTRY}/${FRONTEND_REPO}:${IMAGE_TAG}|' Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/deployment.yaml
+ yq -i '.spec.template.spec.containers[0].image = "'"${ECR_REGISTRY}/${FRONTEND_REPO}:${IMAGE_TAG}"'"' \
+ Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/deployment.yaml
"""
}
}
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In jenkinsfile around lines 65 to 70, the sed commands use a greedy regex that
can mistakenly replace unintended lines like imagePullPolicy or sidecar images,
corrupting the YAML manifests. To fix this, replace the sed commands with a
YAML-aware tool such as yq to update only the container image fields, or modify
the regex to anchor it specifically to the container image lines to avoid
matching other keys. Apply this fix to both backend and frontend deployment.yaml
updates.

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Actionable comments posted: 0

🔭 Outside diff range comments (2)
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml (1)

24-30: Harden the container with an explicit securityContext

Static-analysis (CKV_K8S_20 & 23) flags the container for potentially running as root and allowing privilege escalation. Add a securityContext to eliminate these risks and satisfy the checks.

       containers:
       - name: api
         image: 407622020962.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/backend:latest
         imagePullPolicy: Always
+        securityContext:
+          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+          runAsNonRoot: true
+          capabilities:
+            drop: ["ALL"]
Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/deployment.yaml (1)

15-28: Add a securityContext to drop root privileges & disable privilege escalation

Static-analysis (CKV_K8S_20, CKV_K8S_23) correctly warns that the container may run as root and allow privilege escalation. Hardening the pod is critical for a database workload that will inevitably handle production data.

       containers:
       - name: mon
         image: mongo:4.4.6
+        securityContext:
+          runAsNonRoot: true
+          runAsUser: 999   # non-root UID in the image
+          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+          capabilities:
+            drop:
+              - ALL

This small change satisfies both CVE scanners and most organisational Kubernetes baselines.

Also applies to: 40-46

🧹 Nitpick comments (3)
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml (2)

55-58: successThreshold: 1 can be omitted – it’s already the default

Kubernetes defaults readinessProbe.successThreshold to 1, so explicitly setting it adds noise without changing behaviour.


26-30: Consider defining resource requests/limits for predictable scheduling

The pod has no CPU/memory requests or limits, so it may be over-provisioned or throttled unexpectedly. Defining them improves cluster stability and enables HPA/cluster-autoscaler to work correctly.

         imagePullPolicy: Always
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            cpu: "100m"
+            memory: "128Mi"
+          limits:
+            cpu: "250m"
+            memory: "256Mi"
Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/deployment.yaml (1)

6-12: Consider using a StatefulSet for MongoDB instead of a Deployment

Databases require stable network identities and persistent storage. A Deployment re-creates pods with new names/IPs, which can break replica sets or external clients. A StatefulSet gives each replica a predictable, sticky identity (mongodb-0, mongodb-1, …) and mounts its PVC by ordinal, which is the de-facto pattern for single-node or clustered Mongo.

If zero-downtime upgrades, rolling restarts, or future horizontal scaling are in scope, migrating to a StatefulSet now will save effort later.

Also applies to: 41-46

📜 Review details

Configuration used: CodeRabbit UI
Review profile: CHILL
Plan: Pro

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 970c72e and 48de389.

📒 Files selected for processing (7)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/deployment.yaml (1 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/pv.yaml (1 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/pvc.yaml (1 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/secrets.yaml (1 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/service.yaml (1 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml (1 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/service.yaml (1 hunks)
✅ Files skipped from review due to trivial changes (5)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/pv.yaml
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/service.yaml
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/secrets.yaml
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/service.yaml
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/pvc.yaml
🧰 Additional context used
🪛 Checkov (3.2.334)
Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/deployment.yaml

[MEDIUM] 1-46: Containers should not run with allowPrivilegeEscalation

(CKV_K8S_20)


[MEDIUM] 1-46: Minimize the admission of root containers

(CKV_K8S_23)

Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Backend/deployment.yaml

[MEDIUM] 1-57: Containers should not run with allowPrivilegeEscalation

(CKV_K8S_20)


[MEDIUM] 1-57: Minimize the admission of root containers

(CKV_K8S_23)

🔇 Additional comments (2)
Kubernetes-Manifests-file /Database/deployment.yaml (2)

46-47: No functional impact – newline only

The only change in this hunk is the trailing newline after claimName: mongo-volume-claim.
No action required.


41-46: Verify PVC name & namespace alignment

claimName: mongo-volume-claim presumes a PersistentVolumeClaim of that name exists in the same namespace (three-tier). Double-check the PVC manifest (pv.yaml/pvc.yaml) is namespaced identically; otherwise the pod will remain in Pending due to ClaimNotFound.

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Actionable comments posted: 1

🔭 Outside diff range comments (1)
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/deployment.yaml (1)

24-34: Add a securityContext to drop root and disable privilege escalation

Static-analysis flags (CKV_K8S_20 / CKV_K8S_23) indicate the container may run as root with allowPrivilegeEscalation=true by default. Harden the pod by explicitly setting a securityContext.

       containers:
       - name: frontend
         image: 407622020962.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/frontend:latest
         imagePullPolicy: Always
+        securityContext:
+          runAsNonRoot: true
+          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+          capabilities:
+            drop: ["ALL"]
🧹 Nitpick comments (2)
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/deployment.yaml (1)

24-34: Define resource requests/limits to prevent noisy-neighbor issues

The container section lacks resources. Without them, the scheduler can overcommit nodes and OOM-kill your pod.

         imagePullPolicy: Always
         env:
           - name: REACT_APP_BACKEND_URL
             value: "http://backend.amanpathakdevops.study/api/tasks"
         ports:
           - containerPort: 3000
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            cpu: "100m"
+            memory: "128Mi"
+          limits:
+            cpu: "250m"
+            memory: "256Mi"
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/deployment.yaml (1)

46-46: No securityContext – pod runs as root & may escalate privileges
The file change is only a newline, but Checkov flags CKV_K8S_20 / 23: containers can run as root and allow privilege escalation. Harden the Deployment before merging.

Suggested patch (indentation aligned with containers: list):

       ports:
         - containerPort: 27017
+      securityContext:
+        runAsNonRoot: true
+        runAsUser: 999            # non-root UID
+        allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+        readOnlyRootFilesystem: true

Please verify that the MongoDB image functions correctly with non-root UID 999 (override if necessary) and update cluster PSP/OPA policies accordingly.

📜 Review details

Configuration used: CodeRabbit UI
Review profile: CHILL
Plan: Pro

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 48de389 and 3b101c9.

📒 Files selected for processing (8)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/deployment.yaml (1 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/pv.yaml (1 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/pvc.yaml (1 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/secrets.yaml (1 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/service.yaml (1 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/deployment.yaml (1 hunks)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/service.yaml (1 hunks)
  • jenkinsfile (1 hunks)
✅ Files skipped from review due to trivial changes (3)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/pv.yaml
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/pvc.yaml
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/service.yaml
🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (2)
  • Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/service.yaml
  • jenkinsfile
🧰 Additional context used
🪛 Checkov (3.2.334)
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/deployment.yaml

[MEDIUM] 1-46: Containers should not run with allowPrivilegeEscalation

(CKV_K8S_20)


[MEDIUM] 1-46: Minimize the admission of root containers

(CKV_K8S_23)

Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/deployment.yaml

[MEDIUM] 1-34: Containers should not run with allowPrivilegeEscalation

(CKV_K8S_20)


[MEDIUM] 1-34: Minimize the admission of root containers

(CKV_K8S_23)

🪛 Gitleaks (8.27.2)
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/secrets.yaml

8-8: Detected a Generic API Key, potentially exposing access to various services and sensitive operations.

(generic-api-key)

🪛 YAMLlint (1.37.1)
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/secrets.yaml

[error] 8-8: trailing spaces

(trailing-spaces)


[error] 9-9: trailing spaces

(trailing-spaces)

🔇 Additional comments (2)
Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Frontend/deployment.yaml (2)

28-29: Avoid the latest tag to guarantee reproducible rollbacks

Pinning to :latest makes rollbacks and diff-based deploys non-deterministic. If the Jenkinsfile rewrites the tag dynamically, prefer a semver or SHA digest and keep latest only for local testing.

Example:

-        image: 407622020962.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/frontend:latest
+        image: 407622020962.dkr.ecr.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/frontend:${BUILD_TAG}

30-32: Confirm the backend URL is reachable inside the cluster

REACT_APP_BACKEND_URL references an external hostname over HTTP. If the intention is intra-cluster communication, consider using the Kubernetes service DNS (http://backend.three-tier.svc.cluster.local) or expose the backend via an Ingress to avoid hair-pinning traffic outside the cluster.

Comment on lines +8 to +9
password: cGFzc3dvcmQxMjM=
username: YWRtaW4=
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🛠️ Refactor suggestion

⚠️ Potential issue

Hard-coded credentials in VCS & YAML-lint violations
Committing base-64 credentials (password, username) directly to the repo is a leak-vector (anyone can decode them). In addition, both lines end with trailing spaces, causing YAML-lint errors.

Action items

  1. Rotate the exposed MongoDB credentials immediately.
  2. Move secrets to a safer mechanism ( SealedSecrets, External-Secrets, AWS Secrets Manager, etc.) and commit the encrypted or template manifest instead.
  3. Remove trailing spaces:
-  password: cGFzc3dvcmQxMjM=   
-  username: YWRtaW4= 
+  password: cGFzc3dvcmQxMjM=
+  username: YWRtaW4=
📝 Committable suggestion

‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

Suggested change
password: cGFzc3dvcmQxMjM=
username: YWRtaW4=
password: cGFzc3dvcmQxMjM=
username: YWRtaW4=
🧰 Tools
🪛 Gitleaks (8.27.2)

8-8: Detected a Generic API Key, potentially exposing access to various services and sensitive operations.

(generic-api-key)

🪛 YAMLlint (1.37.1)

[error] 8-8: trailing spaces

(trailing-spaces)


[error] 9-9: trailing spaces

(trailing-spaces)

🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In Kubernetes-Manifests-file/Database/secrets.yaml at lines 8 to 9, the
base64-encoded credentials are hard-coded and have trailing spaces causing
YAML-lint errors. Immediately rotate these MongoDB credentials to invalidate the
exposed ones. Remove the trailing spaces at the end of both lines to fix the
YAML-lint issues. Replace the hard-coded secrets by moving them to a secure
secrets management system like SealedSecrets, External-Secrets, or AWS Secrets
Manager, and commit only the encrypted or templated manifest instead of raw
credentials.

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Actionable comments posted: 1

♻️ Duplicate comments (3)
jenkinsfile (3)

8-10: Use immutable image tags – avoid latest.
Tagging every build as latest makes roll-backs impossible and breaks provenance. Prefer ${BUILD_NUMBER}, git rev-parse --short HEAD, or similar.


47-55: Credentials leak – secrets written to disk.
Persisting AWS keys in ~/.aws/credentials leaves them on the agent after the job; a compromised node or artefact archive can exfiltrate them. Use env-vars only or delete the directory immediately.


88-91: sed 's|image:.*|…|' is overly greedy – can corrupt YAML.
Switch to a YAML-aware tool (yq) or tighten the pattern to affect only the first container image line; otherwise you risk clobbering imagePullPolicy: or side-cars.

📜 Review details

Configuration used: CodeRabbit UI
Review profile: CHILL
Plan: Pro

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between cf964ac and 776756e.

📒 Files selected for processing (1)
  • jenkinsfile (1 hunks)

Comment on lines +25 to +40
// ✅ NEW STAGE
stage('SonarQube Analysis') {
steps {
dir('Application-Code/backend') {
withSonarQubeEnv('MySonarQube') {
sh """
sonar-scanner \
-Dsonar.projectKey=$SONAR_PROJECT_KEY \
-Dsonar.sources=. \
-Dsonar.host.url=http://localhost:9000 \
-Dsonar.login=$SONAR_TOKEN
"""
}
}
}
}
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🛠️ Refactor suggestion

Sonar stage needs a quality-gate check and must not hard-code the host URL.
withSonarQubeEnv already injects SONAR_HOST_URL and an auth token. Hard-coding http://localhost:9000 and re-passing -Dsonar.login defeats that indirection and leaks the secret in logs.
Also, without waitForQualityGate abortPipeline: true, the build proceeds even if the analysis fails, nullifying the point of static analysis.

-                    withSonarQubeEnv('MySonarQube') {
-                        sh """
-                            sonar-scanner \
-                              -Dsonar.projectKey=$SONAR_PROJECT_KEY \
-                              -Dsonar.sources=. \
-                              -Dsonar.host.url=http://localhost:9000 \
-                              -Dsonar.login=$SONAR_TOKEN
-                        """
-                    }
+                    withSonarQubeEnv('MySonarQube') {
+                        sh """
+                            sonar-scanner \
+                              -Dsonar.projectKey=$SONAR_PROJECT_KEY \
+                              -Dsonar.sources=.
+                        """
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        stage('SonarQube Quality Gate') {
+            steps {
+                timeout(time: 10, unit: 'MINUTES') {
+                    waitForQualityGate abortPipeline: true
                 }
             }
         }
📝 Committable suggestion

‼️ IMPORTANT
Carefully review the code before committing. Ensure that it accurately replaces the highlighted code, contains no missing lines, and has no issues with indentation. Thoroughly test & benchmark the code to ensure it meets the requirements.

Suggested change
// ✅ NEW STAGE
stage('SonarQube Analysis') {
steps {
dir('Application-Code/backend') {
withSonarQubeEnv('MySonarQube') {
sh """
sonar-scanner \
-Dsonar.projectKey=$SONAR_PROJECT_KEY \
-Dsonar.sources=. \
-Dsonar.host.url=http://localhost:9000 \
-Dsonar.login=$SONAR_TOKEN
"""
}
}
}
}
// ✅ NEW STAGE
stage('SonarQube Analysis') {
steps {
dir('Application-Code/backend') {
withSonarQubeEnv('MySonarQube') {
sh """
sonar-scanner \
-Dsonar.projectKey=$SONAR_PROJECT_KEY \
-Dsonar.sources=.
"""
}
}
}
}
stage('SonarQube Quality Gate') {
steps {
timeout(time: 10, unit: 'MINUTES') {
waitForQualityGate abortPipeline: true
}
}
}
🤖 Prompt for AI Agents
In the jenkinsfile between lines 25 and 40, remove the hard-coded sonar.host.url
and sonar.login parameters from the sonar-scanner command since withSonarQubeEnv
already sets SONAR_HOST_URL and authentication. Add a post-analysis step using
waitForQualityGate abortPipeline: true to ensure the pipeline fails if the
SonarQube quality gate is not passed, preventing the build from continuing on
failed analysis.

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