Isolation und Schutz in Betriebssystemen

Der Kurs "Isolation und Schutz in Betriebssystemen" startet mit Aufgabe 8. Falls Sie am Kurs "Betriebssystementwicklung" teilgenommen haben, können Sie ihr bestehendes System weiter entwickeln. Ansonsten findet sich im Branch vorgabe-8 ein fertiges Basis-System, dass als Grundlage für den Kurs verwendet werden kann.

hhuTOS

hhuTOS = hhu Teaching Operating System.

This file describes all commands needed for building, running, and debugging hhuTOS.

Last update: 07.04.2025.

Preparation

Rust Compiler

For building hhuTOS, a rust nightly toolchain is needed. To install rust use rustup. The toolchain nightly-2025-10-01 is confirmed to work with hhuTOS (assignments 8-14; Use nightly-2025-03-10 for assignments 1-7). We also need cargo-make.

rustup toolchain install nightly-2025-10-01
rustup override set nightly-2025-10-01
cargo install --no-default-features cargo-make

Furthermore, we need to install the build-essential tools, as well as the Netwide Assembler (nasm) for building hhuTOS. We use GRUB as a bootloader and need xorriso for building a bootable ISO image. Last but not least, QEMU is recommended to run hhuTOS in a virtual machine and GDB for debugging.

On Ubuntu 24.04 you can install all the above with a single apt command:

sudo apt install build-essential nasm grub-pc xorriso qemu-system-x86 gdb

On macOS, we can install most of the tools via brew:

brew install x86_64-elf-binutils nasm xorriso qemu x86_64-elf-gdb

Unfortunately the correct GRUB version cannot be installed via brew and needs to be compiled manually:

brew install x86_64-elf-gcc
git clone git://git.savannah.gnu.org/grub.git && cd grub
./bootstrap
./autogen.sh
./configure --disable-werror TARGET_CC=x86_64-elf-gcc TARGET_OBJCOPY=x86_64-elf-objcopy TARGET_STRIP=x86_64-elf-strip TARGET_NM=x86_64-elf-nm TARGET_RANLIB=x86_64-elf-ranlib --target=x86_64-elf --prefix=$HOME/opt/grub
make -j8
make install

As a last step, we need to add GRUB to our PATH variable:

export PATH=$PATH:~/opt/grub/bin

Compiling

For a full build run:

cargo make

Running

To run the image, use the following command, which will automatically build hhuTOS and run it in QEMU:

cargo make qemu

Debugging

hhuTOS contains configuration files for VSCode. To use VSCode for Debugging, just install the Rust and C++ extensions (Memory Viewer is also recommended) and the debug target qemu-gdb should appear in the Run and Debug tab in VSCode. Just click the play button to start a debugging session.

It is also possible to debug hhuTOS via GDB in a terminal. To start QEMU with GDB-server run the following command in a terminal (this should open qemu but not boot hhuTOS yet):

cargo make qemu-gdb

Open another terminal and start a GDB debugging session:

cargo make gdb

For more convenient debugging, we recommend starting GDB with the integrated Terminal UI (TUI):

cargo make gdbt