feat(go): Support golangci-lint via go tool

[shwoop]

Summary

As of go v1.24, tools such as golanci-lint can be managed via the mod file and called directly on the go binary via the tool subcommand.

When called via tools, we now apply the same logic to compact the results as in the directly called command.

Resolves #744

Test plan

• cargo fmt --all && cargo clippy --all-targets && cargo test
• Manual testing: rtk <command> output inspected

Manual testing

I created a simple mock golang project:

[~/repos/test]$ head go.mod
module rtk-test

go 1.26.1

tool github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/cmd/golangci-lint

require (
	4d63.com/gocheckcompilerdirectives v1.3.0 // indirect
	4d63.com/gochecknoglobals v0.2.2 // indirect
	github.com/4meepo/tagalign v1.4.2 // indirect
[~/repos/test]$ cat main.go 
package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
	i := fmt.Sprintf("hello %s", 9.0)
	fmt.Println(i)
}

golangci-lint is not impressed:

[~/repos/test]$ go tool golangci-lint run main.go 
main.go:6:7: printf: fmt.Sprintf format %s has arg 9.0 of wrong type float64 (govet)
	i := fmt.Sprintf("hello %s", 9.0)
	    ^

rtk currently (develop head) parrots the vanilla response:

[~/repos/test]$ rtk go tool golangci-lint run main.go
main.go:6:7: printf: fmt.Sprintf format %s has arg 9.0 of wrong type float64 (govet)
	i := fmt.Sprintf("hello %s", 9.0)
	    ^

Using this code, we see the truncated response:

[~/repos/test]$ ../rtk/target/debug/rtk go tool golangci-lint run main.go 
golangci-lint: 1 issues in 1 files
═══════════════════════════════════════
Top linters:
  govet (1x)

Top files:
  main.go (1 issues)
    govet (1)

In this scenario, we are not relying on the file on our path (as rtk golangci-lint does):

[~/repos/test]$ which golangci-lint
golangci-lint not found

testing with v2

Same code as above but replacing golangci-lint with v2.

[~/repos/test]$ cat go.mod | grep golangci-lint
tool github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint
        github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2 v2.11.3 // indirect

[~/repos/test]$ ../rtk/target/debug/rtk go tool golangci-lint
golangci-lint: 1 issues in 1 files
═══════════════════════════════════════
Top linters:
  govet (1x)

Top files:
  main.go (1 issues)
    govet (1)
      → i := fmt.Sprintf("hello %s", 9.0)

Important: All PRs must target the develop branch (not master).
See CONTRIBUTING.md for details.

[shwoop]

Blocked by any of the v2 support MRs:

• fix(golangci): detect major version and use correct output flag for v2 #597
• fix: golangci-lint v1/v2 compatibility and non-run subcommand passthrough #612
• fix(golangci-lint): add v2 compatibility with runtime version detection #722

[aeppling]

Hello shwoop,

I'll first merge the candidat that resolve requested changes first ( 612 vs 722 , 597 has not been selected as a candidat for this)

Then ready to review your PR

[aeppling]

Blockers resolved

[CLAassistant]

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[shwoop]

Blockers resolved

I've refactored to add v2 support so ready for review.