Improve handling of trusted certificates by minglumlu · Pull Request #6826 · xapi-project/xen-api

minglumlu · 2026-01-09T12:46:21Z

The design is https://github.com/xapi-project/xen-api/blob/master/doc/content/design/trusted-certificates.md
(It's a little bit out-of-date. Will update it later. And remaining changes will be raised in following PRs)

Manual tests are done with a new purpose testing (change is not included in this PR) like:

xe pool-install-trusted-certificate filename=root.pem ca=true purpose=licensing,testing
xe pool-install-trusted-certificate filename=root.pem ca=true purpose=licensing,testing # will report error
xe pool-install-trusted-certificate filename=root.pem ca=true
xe pool-install-trusted-certificate filename=leaf.pem ca=false purpose=licensing,testing
xe pool-install-trusted-certificate filename=leaf.pem ca=false # will report error
xe certificate-list
xe pool-uninstall-trusted-certificate certificate-uuid=<UUID>
xe pool-certificate-sync
xe pool-crl-install filename=crl01.pem
xe pool-crl-uninstall name=crl01.pem

And pool.join and pool.eject for exchanging trusted certificates and CRLs.

The certificate stores under /etc/trusted-certs/ on coordinator and supporter hosts' dom0 filesystem.

lindig · 2026-01-09T16:41:35Z

ocaml/idl/datamodel_certificate.ml

+let certificate_purpose =
+  Enum
+    ( "certificate_purpose"
+    , [("licensing", "Trusted certificates that are for licensing purpose.")]


"that are for" could be simplified to "Trusted certificates for licensing"

lindig · 2026-01-09T16:44:29Z

ocaml/idl/datamodel_host.ml

+let install_trusted_certificate =
+  call ~flags:[`Session] ~pool_internal:true ~hide_from_docs:true
+    ~name:"install_trusted_certificate"
+    ~doc:"Install a TLS trusted certificate on this host."


It's not clear how TLS and trusted are related: is it a TLS-trusted certificate or a trusted TLS certificate?

It's the trusted certificates used to verify peer identify when establishing TLS connection.

Would use trusted TLS certificate: it is a TLS certificate that we trust for this purpose.

lindig · 2026-01-09T16:46:04Z

ocaml/idl/datamodel_pool.ml


+let install_trusted_certificate =
+  call ~name:"install_trusted_certificate"
+    ~doc:"Install a TLS trusted certificate, pool-wide."


See above for the ambiguity about how trust and TLS are related.

lindig · 2026-01-09T17:08:09Z

ocaml/xapi/certificates.ml

+    Xapi_stdext_threads.Threadext.Mutex.execute m (fun () ->
+        let (_ : string), (_ : string) =
+          Forkhelpers.execute_command_get_output
+            "/opt/xensource/bin/update-ca-bundle.sh" [cert_dir; bundle_path]


This script so far does not take arguments and I don't see it being changed but maybe I missed the change. How is this supposed to work and does this mean other invocations of this script need to be updated?

The script seems can be replaced with https://github.com/xapi-project/xen-api/blob/master/ocaml/xapi/cert_distrib.ml#L45
I didn't find revoking from other components so far. But if there are, they should change as well.

The code is in

https://github.com/xapi-project/xen-api/blob/master/scripts/update-ca-bundle.sh
and the way I read it, it does not take arguments. Is this PR changing it?

Yes. This PR is changing it.

cert_distrib does not replace update-ca-bundle.sh, they are for different purposes:
-cert_distrib distributes certificates across the pool, and update-ca-bundle creates the bundles from the distributed certificates.

Note that cert_distrib calls Helpers.update_ca_bundle, which runs update-ca-bundle.sh.

psafont · 2026-01-12T10:05:22Z

ocaml/alerts/certificate/certificate_check.ml

      ]
+  | Pinned _ ->
+      [
+        (0, Api_messages.pool_ca_certificate_expired)


Should the alerts about the pinned certificates reuse the same message as the CA ones?

Add new messages for pool_pinned_certificate_...

psafont · 2026-01-12T10:07:57Z

ocaml/xapi/db_gc_util.ml

  all_certificates
  |> List.filter (fun (cert, record) ->
         record.API.certificate_type <> `ca
+         && record.API.certificate_type <> `pinned


It's now tempting to change the condition to match host or host_internal certificates instead of the ones that are not that..

psafont · 2026-01-12T10:10:43Z

ocaml/xapi-cli-server/cli_frontend.ml

    )
+  ; ( "pool-install-trusted-certificate"
+    , {
+        reqd= ["filename"]


I would prefer if ca was a required parameter, there's nothing indicating what is the default mode to the user.

ocaml/idl/datamodel_pool.ml

psafont · 2026-01-12T10:23:35Z

ocaml/xapi-cli-server/cli_operations.ml

+    Option.bind (List.assoc_opt "purpose" params) (fun ss ->
+        String.split_on_char ',' ss
+        |> List.map Record_util.certificate_purpose_of_string
+        |> Option.some
+    )
+    |> Option.to_list
+    |> List.flatten


If the parameter allows more than one values, separated by comas, it should be documented in cli_frontend so users can see it.

Code here also looks more complex than necessary:

Suggested change

Option.bind (List.assoc_opt "purpose" params) (fun ss ->

String.split_on_char ',' ss

|> List.map Record_util.certificate_purpose_of_string

|> Option.some

)

|> Option.to_list

|> List.flatten

List.assoc_opt "purpose" params

|> Option.map (fun ss ->

String.split_on_char ',' ss

|> List.map Record_util.certificate_purpose_of_string

)

|> function Some purposes -> purposes | None -> []

ocaml/xapi/message_forwarding.ml

psafont · 2026-01-12T10:31:14Z

ocaml/xapi-consts/api_errors.ml

 let not_allowed_when_ntp_is_enabled =
  add_error "NOT_ALLOWED_WHEN_NTP_IS_ENABLED"
+
+let not_trusted_certificate = add_error "NOT_TRUSTED_CERTIFICTE"


Suggested change

let not_trusted_certificate = add_error "NOT_TRUSTED_CERTIFICTE"

let not_trusted_certificate = add_error "NOT_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE"

psafont · 2026-01-12T10:36:13Z

ocaml/xapi/certificates.ml

 * Note that the bundles (e) and (f) are generated automatically using the contents of (c) and (d) respectively *)

-type t_trusted = CA_Certificate | CRL
+type t_trusted = CA_Certificate | CRL | Root_CA | Leaf_Pinned


It's not clear the difference between CA_Certificate and Root_CA just by looking at the names. Since be don't need to maintain the names here (it's not exposed in the API) we can change the names to:

type t_trusted = Root | Peer | Root_legacy | CRL

The comment before the type should also be updated with the new directories

Also the types in the functions further down seem to imply that the legacy certs are never linked with a purpose, but the new ones might be, I recommend using types to enforce this:

module Trusted = sig type t = Root of string list | Peer of string list | Root_legacy | CRL end

This way the functions lose the purpose parameter while allowing existing ones to disregard the purpose if they don't need it:

let library_path = function | Root_legacy -> !Xapi_globs.trusted_certs_dir | CRL -> Stunnel.crl_path | Root _ | Peer _ -> !Xapi_globs.trusted_certs_by_purpose_dir let all_trusted_kinds = let all_purposes = [] :: List.map (fun x -> [x]) API.certificate_purpose__all in List.concat [ List.map (fun p -> Root p) all_purposes ; List.map (fun p -> Peer p) all_purposes ; [Root_legacy; CRL] ] let trusted_cert_dirs kind = let parent = library_path kind in match kind with | CA_Certificate | CRL -> [parent] | Root_CA p -> [parent // ps "ca-%s" (string_of_purpose p)] | Leaf_Pinned p -> [parent // ps "pinned-%s" (string_of_purpose p)] let trusted_bundle_location kind = ... let with_cert_store kind f = ... let rehash () = let ( let* ) l f = List.iter f l in let* kind = all_trusted_kinds in with_cert_store kind @@ fun ~cert_dir ~bundle_dir:_ ~bundle_name:_ -> mkdir_cert_path kind ; rehash' cert_dir

This is a great idea!

psafont · 2026-01-12T10:39:32Z

ocaml/idl/datamodel_certificate.ml

      ; ( "host_internal"
        , "Certificate that identifies a single host to other pool members"
        )
+      ; ("pinned", "Pinned leaf certificate that is trusted by the whole pool")


I would prefer if we used a name that signifies the purpose of the certificate rather than the method used to trust it. This means using peer. One way to think about it is that a peer certificate is going to be pinned to a service with a particular purpose.

The confusion of using peer comes from the self-signed certificate. It can be either a root CA, or a leaf certificate for certificate pinning. We hope when a user or a client manipulates the certificates, it's clear for them to know the difference.

The confusion of using peer comes from the self-signed certificate. It can be either a root CA, or a leaf certificate for certificate pinning.

I don't follow the reasoning, I understand that a self-signed certificate can be used in many roles, but the enum makes clear in which role it's being used, as a ca certificate, or a peer certificate. Maybe I don't see the confusion because a peer certificate for me is the certificate that identifies the other peer in a TLS handshake, and is completely separate from the certificate chain, the latter includes the root or CA certificates.

It did lead to confusion with several people involved. If "peer" generally means just the certificate of the remote entity, then it does not clearly imply (in this type field) how to use it in TLS verification, that is verify the chain and hostname or just the "pinned" certificate. If we call it pinned, then it is unambiguous.

ocaml/xapi/certificates.ml

psafont

For some reason, github is asking me add a global comment instead of allowing me to simply comment on pieces of code

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

psafont · 2026-01-19T14:04:50Z

ocaml/xapi/certificates.ml

+  |> List.map (fun kind ->
+      mkdir_cert_path kind ;
+      trusted_store_locations kind
+      |> List.map (fun store ->
+          list_dir store.cert_dir |> List.map (fun n -> (n, store.purpose))
+      )
+      |> List.flatten
+  )
+  |> List.flatten


Suggested change

|> List.map (fun kind ->

mkdir_cert_path kind ;

trusted_store_locations kind

|> List.map (fun store ->

list_dir store.cert_dir |> List.map (fun n -> (n, store.purpose))

)

|> List.flatten

)

|> List.flatten

|> List.flat_map (fun kind ->

mkdir_cert_path kind ;

trusted_store_locations kind

|> List.flat_map (fun store ->

list_dir store.cert_dir |> List.map (fun n -> (n, store.purpose))

)

)

psafont · 2026-01-19T14:18:13Z

cert_distrib hasn't been changed in this PR, it's the module that handles copying (CA) certificates on pool join. Has it been tested?

In general, I ddidn't expect this amount of code being added to cope with the new certificates. Probably cert_distrib should be used instead, by adding there a couple of new functions to install CA certificates across the pool.

minglumlu · 2026-01-20T03:06:00Z

cert_distrib hasn't been changed in this PR, it's the module that handles copying (CA) certificates on pool join. Has it been tested?

In general, I ddidn't expect this amount of code being added to cope with the new certificates. Probably cert_distrib should be used instead, by adding there a couple of new functions to install CA certificates across the pool.

exchange will be in next PR. Are you suggesting to replace the host_install and pool-sync with cert-distrib?

Well, just found there are lots of duplications between certificates.ml and cert_distrib.ml... ...
And cert_distrib.ml depends on certificates.ml.

psafont · 2026-01-20T14:28:45Z

I simply don't understand why is so much code added to list certificates from the filesystem, with even API calls. It doesn't help at all that the commit message contains no reasoning as to why it's needed.

Normally to list certificates, only the database would be needed because the certificate lifecycle is controlled using the API. SO why is all this filesystem access needed in this case?

exchange will be in next PR. Are you suggesting to replace the host_install and pool-sync with cert-distrib?

I wanted to do this when we introduced cert_distrib, but never had the time to do it. Seeing that it needs to be modified anyway, I'd apreciate if certificates is only used for local operatons, and cert_distrib to distribute certificates.

minglumlu · 2026-01-21T01:58:51Z

Normally to list certificates, only the database would be needed because the certificate lifecycle is controlled using the API. SO why is all this filesystem access needed in this case?

The data retrieved from database is the primary source of certificates.
The data retrieved from filesystem is the reality of the certificates on individual hosts, which may be corrupted.

When doing pool_sync, the logic is:

remove the remnants which are not in database
add new ones which are not in filesystem

This is done duplicatedly in both certificates.ml and cert_distrib.ml but with different approaches:

in certificates.ml, database and filesystem are compared for individual certificates.
in cert_distrib.ml, with Erase_old, the whole cert directory will be removed and recreated to match with the database.

Now I understand they need to be consolidated as cert_distrib only.

I wanted to do this when we introduced cert_distrib, but never had the time to do it. Seeing that it needs to be modified anyway, I'd apreciate if certificates is only used for local operatons, and cert_distrib to distribute certificates.

I didn't look into cert_distrib thoroughly before. Now I can eliminate the duplications.

minglumlu · 2026-01-21T11:05:43Z

Pushed the changes based on @psafont's comments. Not tested yet but I pushed them as I would like to see if it's on the right track. Will test tomorrrow if it is.

psafont

Thanks for making the changes, I think there's all the trusted certificates should be exchanged on pool join, currently they arent. Other than that it looks good

psafont · 2026-01-21T14:33:08Z

ocaml/xapi/cert_distrib.ml

        (diff |> StringSet.elements |> String.concat "; ") ;
    not in_sync_with_remote
  in
+  let ( let*? ) l f = List.map f l |> List.exists Fun.id in


Isn't this simply let ( let*? ) l f = List.exists f l in ?

I don't see a need to evaluate all the list in the users: they don't have visible side-effects and it seems safe to short-circuit.

psafont · 2026-01-21T14:39:08Z

ocaml/xapi/cert_distrib.ml

+  Worker.local_write_cert_fs ~__context HostPoolCert Merge pool_certs ;
  Worker.local_regen_bundle ~__context

 let collect_ca_certs ~__context ~names =


I think this function is missing the exchange of CRL, RootCert and PinnedCert. This will make sure all the certificates are copied on pool join. Maybe it's worth changing the function to collect_trusted_certificates, and similar with the following function.

minglumlu · 2026-01-22T02:31:16Z

Thanks for making the changes, I think there's all the trusted certificates should be exchanged on pool join, currently they arent. Other than that it looks good

Sure. Will append some commits for these missing pieces with the current approach. Thanks.

minglumlu · 2026-01-26T07:09:49Z

Hi @lindig @psafont @robhoes
I think all missing parts have been done and I've tested the changes manually. Could you please look at the changes again? Thanks!

minglumlu · 2026-01-26T08:25:01Z

No. The API can work. But the SDK is complaining it. Probably due to the Map (String, Set String), which @robhoes raised a warning last week. (I moved some data out of the interface data structure already)
It would be annoying that in exchange on join, we would have to install the certificates of the host into the pool one by one, although usually there will not be too many certificates on the host.

Not too bad. import is a keyword in go.

lindig

Will rely on @psafont to make sure we have the changes he suggests.

robhoes · 2026-01-28T14:39:46Z

@minglumlu Could you squash the fixups please?

psafont · 2026-01-28T15:27:05Z

ocaml/xapi/cert_distrib.ml

  |> List.map WireProtocol.pair_of_certificate_file

 (* This function is called on the pool that is incorporating a new host *)
 let exchange_ca_certificates_with_joiner ~__context ~import ~export =


I'm surprised the exchange of trusted certificates and CRLs between the joiner and the pool is not done here, and instead is done in xapi_pool. Are you sure it's working correctly? I would have renamed this function (exchange_ca_certificates_with_joiner) and import_joining_pool_ca_certificates to add the exchange of trusted certificates and CRLs

I didn't merge these 2 (actually 3) functions as the type of import argument of their corresponding API functions are quite different. I would have to merge them as well if using a single Cert_distrib.exchange_ca_certificates_with_joiner. And I found the logic of Pool.exchange_trusted_certificates_on_join and Pool.exchange_crls_on_join seems very simple and different with Pool.exchange_ca_certificates_on_join also. For example, for merging logic,

legacy ca: filename is the primary info used for merging; but database is still needed to update;

trusted: purpose and fingerprint are the primary info used for merging;

crl: filename is the primary info used for merging, but no database at all.

So I didn't change the existing Cert_distrib.exchange_ca_certificates_with_joiner.

But let me have a try to see how it will look like ...

Sorry, Pau, I attempted to merge these functions, but the differences among them are too extensive to get them merged effectively.
The current work flow is like below, so it works.

[host] [pool] exchange_trusted_certificates -> Client.Pool.exchange_trusted_certificates_on_join --> exchange_trusted_certificates_on_join -> install_trusted_certificate -> Certificates.host_install -> Cert_distrib.copy_certs_to_all -> Cert_distrib.collect_trusted_certs <-- -> install_trusted_certificate

Ok, can you explain this modification in the design doc? This changes the previous design regarding certificate exchanges (https://xapi-project.github.io/new-docs/design/pool-certificates/#u2-pool-join)

I need to check what's wrong with the mermaid thing, it used to work :/

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

psafont

This is great thank, only one comment that should be easy to resolve

psafont · 2026-02-03T11:07:45Z

doc/content/design/pool-certificates.md

 design_doc: true
 revision: 2
-status: released (22.6.0)
+status: draft (update based on release 22.6.0 revision 2)


I'd rather indicate when this was changed:

status: released (22.6.0), modified (26.2.0)

Or if we want to follow Rob's suggestion, and the one which I prefer, keep this as it is because it's a historic document; add the new diagram and other changes to trusted-certificates.md, and state here that another suggestion updates it:

status: released (22.6.0), modified by [trusted-certificates](trusted-certificates.md)

Thanks. I updated in the new design trusted-certificates.md and placed a reference in the base design pool-certificates.md.

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

psafont · 2026-02-04T09:25:36Z

the failing check can be ignored, it happens because ocaml 5.3.0 was removed from xs-opam for 5.4.0

minglumlu force-pushed the private/mingl/trusted-cert branch from f490581 to ac35717 Compare January 9, 2026 12:55

lindig reviewed Jan 9, 2026

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psafont reviewed Jan 12, 2026

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contificate mentioned this pull request Jan 15, 2026

Allowing xe VM import URL via HTTPS #5549

Open

minglumlu force-pushed the private/mingl/trusted-cert branch from ac35717 to dde36b8 Compare January 19, 2026 08:27

minglumlu added 3 commits January 19, 2026 16:53

Add 'purpose' field in Certificate datamodel

2f42df4

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Add 'pinned' in type of Certificate

139068c

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Add new APIs for trusted certificates (no impl.)

c36ed78

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

minglumlu force-pushed the private/mingl/trusted-cert branch from dde36b8 to b2124dc Compare January 19, 2026 08:59

minglumlu marked this pull request as ready for review January 19, 2026 09:08

psafont reviewed Jan 19, 2026

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minglumlu force-pushed the private/mingl/trusted-cert branch from b2124dc to ab810b7 Compare January 21, 2026 11:03

psafont reviewed Jan 21, 2026

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minglumlu force-pushed the private/mingl/trusted-cert branch 2 times, most recently from cbeab03 to fff055f Compare January 26, 2026 06:22

minglumlu force-pushed the private/mingl/trusted-cert branch from fff055f to 8cb0d7c Compare January 26, 2026 08:41

lindig approved these changes Jan 27, 2026

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contificate mentioned this pull request Jan 28, 2026

Add new stunnel configuration for VM import #6868

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psafont reviewed Jan 28, 2026

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Implement APIs in xapi_pool.ml

6128c1c

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

minglumlu added 15 commits January 29, 2026 11:23

Check if already exists when installing a certificate

632c50f

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Update host_install

09a0eb1

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Update host_uninstall

6c7b994

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Make CertificateProvider.store_path support multiple paths

6341455

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Add new constructors of certificate type for trusted certs

71b8c00

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Update copy_certs_to_host to include trusted certs

2e8a306

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Use Cert_distrib instead of sync* in Certificates

74a0a45

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Update how to update bundles

9509a1f

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Add collect_trusted_certs

608926c

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Add pool.exchange_trusted_certificates_on_join

df5b255

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Add collect_crls

2a3a759

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Add pool.exchange_crls_on_join

2fdfaf4

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Fix certificate error messages

bc6e11b

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Cleanup trusted on ejected host

23fbffc

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

Bump up last_known_schema_hash

a6e390e

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

minglumlu force-pushed the private/mingl/trusted-cert branch from 450c76f to a6e390e Compare January 29, 2026 07:07

psafont reviewed Feb 3, 2026

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[doc] Update how to handle trusted certificates when pool.join

36890b6

Signed-off-by: Ming Lu <ming.lu@cloud.com>

minglumlu force-pushed the private/mingl/trusted-cert branch from a11e52f to 36890b6 Compare February 4, 2026 07:33

psafont approved these changes Feb 4, 2026

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	let not_trusted_certificate = add_error "NOT_TRUSTED_CERTIFICTE"
	let not_trusted_certificate = add_error "NOT_TRUSTED_CERTIFICATE"

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